Tulu Lesson 11: Causative Verbs

namaskAra!

Hello everyone,

Today we are going to learn causative verbs. Causative verbs express the idea of somebody causing something to happen or causing another person to do something. Let us learn how to make the causative verbs.

To make causative forms for Class A verbs, add ‘pA’ suffix and for Class B verbs, add ‘A’ suffix to root verb. This gives us a whole new set of verbs that are easy to memorize since they are made using the verbs we are already familiar with.

Class A:

tiN (tiNpini) – To eat (Kannada: tinnuvudu)

tiNpA (tiNpAvuni) – cause to eat/ To make someone to eat (Kannada: tinnisuvudu)

bar (barpini) – To come (Kannada: baruvudu)

barpA (barpAvuni) – cause to come (Kannada: barisuvudu)

buDu (buDpini) – To leave (Kannada: biDuvudu)

buDpA (buDpAvuni) – cause to leave/To draw(a picture)/To dilate (Kannada: biDisu)

tU (tUpini) – To see (Kannada: nODuuvudu)

tUpA (tUpAvuni) – To show (Kannada: nODisuvudu/tOrisuvudu)

Class B:

malpu (malpuni) – To do/make (Kannada: mADuvudu)

malpA (malpAvuni) – cause to do/make (Kannada: mADisuvudu)

gend (genduni) – To win (Kannada: gelluvudu)

gendA (gendAvuni) – cause to win/make someone to win

kullu (kulluvunu) – To sit (Kannada: kuLitukoLLuvudu)

kullA (kullAvuni) – cause to sit (Kannada: kUrisuvudu)

tOju (tOjuni) – To be seen (Kannada: tOruvudu)

tOjA (tOjAvuni) – To show (Kannada: tOrisuvudu)

kalpu (kalpuni) – To learn (Kannada: kaliyuvudu)

kalpA (kalpAvuni) – To teach (Kannada: kalisuvudu)

Sometimes ‘Du’ or ‘DA’ suffixes are used for some verbs. However, these verbs are very few.

leppu (leppuni) – To call (Kannada: kareyuvudu)

leppuDA (leppuDAvuni) – cause to call (Kannada: karesuvudu)

naDapu (naDapuni) – To walk (Kannada: naDeyuvudu)

naDapA (naDapAvuni) or naDapuDA (naDapuDAvuni)  –cause to walk (Kannada: naDesuvudu)

jeppu (jeppuni) – To sleep (Kannada: malaguvudu)

jeppA (jeppAvuni) or jeppuDA (jeppuDAvuni)  –cause to sleep (Kannada: malagisuvudu)

jappu (jappuni) – To get down/decend (Kannada: iLiyuvudu)

jappA (jappAvuni) or jappuDA (jappuDAvuni)  –cause to get down (Kannada: iLisuvudu)

kaDapu (kaDapuni) – To cross (Kannada: dATuvudu)

kaDapA (kaDapAvuni) – cause to cross (Kannada: dATisuvudu)

kaDapuDu (kaDapuDuni) – To send (Kannada: kaLuhisuvudu)

kaDapuDA (kaDapuDAvuni) – To make someone to send (Kannada: kaLuhisuvante mADu)

Causative verbs can be conjugated in the same way like Class B verbs. However, these verbs does not have uncertain future tense in positive form (except ‘kaDapuDu’ – To send), but have it in negative form.

Simple Present/Future Positive:

Causative verb + uv + personal ending

yAn malpAvae – I make someone to do/I will make someone to do 

I malpAva– You make someone to do/You will make someone to do 

Aye/imbe malpAve – He makes someone to do/He will make someone to do 

Al/mOlu malpAval– She makes someone to do/She will make someone to do 

au/undu malpAvuNDu – It makes someone to do/It will make someone to do 

nama/enkulu malpAva – We make someone to do/We will make someone to do 

Ir/nikulu malpAvar– You make someone to do/You will make someone to do 

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malpAver– They make someone to do/They will make someone to do 

undekulu/aikulu malpAva – They make someone to do/They will make someone to do 

Simple Present/Future Negative:

Causative verb + personal ending

yAn malpAvujae – I do not make someone to do/I will not make someone to do 

I malpAvuja– You dp not make someone to do/You will not make someone to do 

Aye/imbe malpAvuje – He does not make someone to do/He will not make someone to do 

Al/mOlu malpAvujal– She does not make someone to do/She will not make someone to do 

au/undu malpAvuji – It does not make someone to do/It will not make someone to do 

nama/enkulu malpAvuja – We do not make someone to do/We will not make someone to do 

Ir/nikulu malpAvujar– You do not make someone to do/You will not make someone to do 

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malpAvujer– They do not make someone to do/They will not make someone to do 

undekulu/aikulu malpAvuja – They do not make someone to do/They will not make someone to do 

Uncertain Future Positive:

Causative verb + personal ending

yAn kaDapuDae – I will probably send 

I kaDapuDa– You will probably send 

Aye/imbe kaDapuDe – He will probably send 

Al/mOlu kaDapuDal – She will probably send 

au/undu kaDapuDu– It will probably send 

nama/enkulu kaDapuDa – We make will probably send 

Ir/nikulu kaDapuDar – You will probably send 

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kaDapuDer – They will probably send 

undekulu/aikulu kaDapuDa – They will probably send 

Uncertain Future Negative:

Causative verb + personal ending

yAn tojapAvayae  – I will probably not show 

I tojapAvaya – You will probably not show 

Aye/imbe tojapAvaye – He will probably not show 

Al/mOlu tojapAvayal – She will probably not show 

au/undu tojapAvand – It will probably not show 

nama/enkulu tojapAvaya – We will probably not show 

Ir/nikulu tojapAvayar – You will probably not show 

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tojapAvayer – They will probably not show 

undekulu/aikulu tojapAvaya – They will probably not show 

Simple Past Positive:

Causative verb + i + personal ending

yAn tiNpAyae  – I made someone to eat 

I tiNpAya– You made someone to eat 

Aye/imbe tiNpAye– He made someone to eat 

Al/mOlu tiNpAyal– She made someone to eat 

au/undu tiNpAND– It made someone to eat 

nama/enkulu tiNpAya– We made someone to eat 

Ir/nikulu tiNpAyar– You made someone to eat 

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tiNpAyer– They made someone to eat 

undekulu/aikulu tiNpAya – They made someone to eat 

Simple Past Negative:

yAn leppuDAyijae  – I didn’t make someone to call
I leppuDAyija– You didn’t make someone to call
Aye/imbe leppuDAyije – He didn’t make someone to call
Al/mOlu leppuDAyijal – She didn’t make someone to call
au/undu leppuDAyiji – It didn’t make someone to call
nama/enkulu leppuDAyija – We didn’t make someone to call
Ir/nikulu leppuDAyijar – You didn’t make someone to call
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr leppuDAyijer – They didn’t make someone to call
undekulu/aikulu leppuDAyija – They didn’t make someone to call

Examples:

Tulu: appae bAlen jeppDAyal

English: Mother made the child to sleep.

Kannada: tAyi maguvannu malagisidaLu

Tulu: Aye mAterenla telipAve 

English: He makes everyone to laugh

Kannada: avanu ellarannu nagistAne

Tulu: yAn nikk teripAve

English: I will let you know

Kannada: nAnu ninage tiListEne

Tulu: Ar bAlen bulipAyer

English: He/She made the child to cry.

Kannada: avaru maguvannu aLisidaru

Tulu: yAn nikleg tulu kalpAvae

English: I will teach you Tulu

Kannada: naNu nimage tulu kalisuttEne

Tulu: jOkulen sAleg kaDupuDiyae

English: I sent the children to the school

Kannada: makkaLannu shAlege kaLuhiside

Tulu: yAn AyeDd satya paNpAvae

English: I will make him to say the truth

Kannada: nAnu avaninda satya hElistEne

Some of the intransitive verbs can be changed to transitive verbs by adding ‘pu’ suffix, and then it can be changed to causative verb by adding ‘A’ suffix. Intransitive verb is a verb that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning. Transitive verb is a verb that needs a direct object to complete its meaning.

kAyi – (kAyuni) – To get heated (Kannada: kAyu)

kAypu (kAypuni) - To make hot/fry (Kannada: kAyisu)

poliy (poliyuni) – To get split/cut (Kannada: muriyu)

polipu (polipuni) – To split/cut (Kannada: muriyu)

uriy (uriyuni) – To burn (Kannada: uriyu)

uripu (uripuni) – To make it burn/To blow (Kannada: urisu/Udu)

oriy (oriyuni) – To remain (Kannada: uLiyu)

oripu (oripuni) – To save/cause to remain (Kannada: uLisu)

mugiy (mugiyuni) – To end/cease (Kannada: mugiyu)

mugipu (mugipuni) – To finish/complete (Kannada: mugisu)

maDiy (maDiyuni) – To get folded (Kannada: maDachikoLLu)

maDipu (maDipuni) – To fold (Kannada: maDachu)

pariy (pariyuni) – To get torn (Kannada: hariyu)

paripu (paripuni) – To tear (Kannada: hariyu)

dariy (dariyuni) – To be broken/burst (Kannada: oDeyu)

darpu (darpuni) – To break/burst (Kannada: oDeyu)

puDA (puDAvuni) – To be broken/be blasted (Kannada: oDeyu)

puDapu (puDapuni) – To break/blast (Kannada: oDeyu)

kaDiy (kaDiyuni) – To be cut/broken (Kannada: muriyu/tuNDAgu)

kaDpu (kaDpuni) – To cut/break (Kannada: kaDiyu/tuNDu mADu)

These verbs can be changed to causative form by adding ‘A’ suffix.

kAypA - cause to hot/fry (Kannada: kAyisu)

polipA – cause to split/cut (Kannada: murisu)

uripA – cause to blow (Kannada: Udisu)

oripA – To make someone to save/cause to remain (Kannada: uLisu)

mugipA – cause to finish/complete (Kannada: mugisu)

maDipA– cause to fold (Kannada: maDachisu(?))

paripA – cause to tear (Kannada: harisu)

darpA – cause to break/burst (Kannada: oDesu)

puDapA – cause to break/blast (Kannada: oDesu)

kaDpA – cause to cut/break (Kannada: kaDisu/tuNDu mADisu)

The following examples will differentiate between 3 verb forms:

Intransitive:

Tulu: lEs mugiND

English: Ceremony ended

Kannada: samArambha mugiyitu

Tulu: picture bEga mugiyuNDu

English: The movie will be ended soon

Kannada: cinema bEga mugiyuttade

Tulu: ball kaDiND

English: The rope broke. 

Kannada: hagga tuNDAyitu)

Tulu: puggae puDavu

English: The balloon may burst

Kannada: balloon oDedItu

Tulu: ayena kai poliND

English: His hand broke

Kannada: avana kai muriyitu)

Transitive:

Tulu: yAn enna  bElen onji dinaT mugipuvae

English: I will finish my work in a day

Kannada: nAnu nanna kelasavannu ondu dinadalli mugisuttEne

Tulu: ninna kai polipuvae

English: I will break your hand

Kannada: ninna kai muriyuttEne

Tulu: Aye maronu kaDte

English: He cut down the tree.

Kannada: avanu maravannu kaDida

Tulu: bAlae puggen puDapu

English: The kid may burst the balloon

Kannada: magu balloon annu oDedItu

Causative verb

Tulu: yAn enna bElen EreDANDala pand mugipAve

English: I will make someone to finish my work

Kannada: nAnu nanna kelasavannu yArallAdarU hELi mugisuttEne

Tulu: ninna kai polipAvae

English: I will make someone to break your hand

Kannada: ninna kaiyannu murisuttEne

Tulu: Aye maronu kaDpAye

English: He made someone to cut the tree

Kannada: avanu maravannu kaDisida

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See you next week!