Tulu Lesson 24: Adjective Pronouns

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn some adjective pronouns in Tulu. Adjective Pronoun is a pronoun used as adjective. For examples: this book, some friends etc.  

 There are 3 types: Demonstrative, Interrogative and Indefinite

Demonstrative Adjective Pronouns are used to point out specific people or things.

Following are the demonstrative adjective pronouns used in Tulu:

Tulu	Kannada	English
au, A	adu, A	That / Those
undu, I	idu, I	This / These
At	ashTu	So much / That much
It	ishTu	So much / This much
anchina / anchitti	antha	Such (Remote)
inchina / inchitti	intha	Such (Proximate)

Example:

au enna ill – That is my house (Kannada: adu nanna mane) – Here ‘au’ is a demonstrative pronoun.

A ill ennau - That house is mine (Kannada: A mane nannadu) – Here au changes to ‘A’ as a demonstrative adjective pronoun. We can also say 'au ill ennau'

undu Ayena pustaka - This is his book (Kannada: idu avana pustaka)

I pustaka Ernau? - Whose book is this? (Kannada: I pustaka yAradu?) 

Interrogative adjective pronouns are used to form questions.

Following are the Interrogative adjective pronouns used in Tulu:

Tulu	Kannada	English
O / vA	yAva	Which
Et	eshTu	How much / How many
enchi / enchina / enchitti	entha	What / Which
dAda	Enu	What

Example:

nikk dAda bODu? – What do you want? (Kannada: ninage Enu bEku?) – Here ‘dAda’ is an interrogative pronoun.

nikk vA pustaka bODu? – Which book do you want? (Kannada: ninage yAva pustaka bEku?) – Here ‘vA’ is an interrogative adjective pronoun.

enchina AND? - What happed? (Kannada: Enu Aytu?) 

undu enchina (or enchi) bElae? - Which work is this? (Kannada: idu entha kelasa?)

Indefinite adjective pronouns are formed from indefinite pronouns. Some of the indefinite adjective pronouns used in Tulu are:

Tulu	Kannada	English
kelavu, kela	kelavu, kela	Some / Several
mAta	ella	All
pUra	pUrti / pUra	Whole
ori	obba	A (M)
orti	obbaLu	A (F)
onji	ondu	A (N)
kuDori, kuDorti, kuDonji	innobba, innobbaLu, innondu	another
ontae / kammi /kaDamae / chUru	svalpa / kaDime	Little / Few
pAka	halavu	Many
mast / dinja /jAsti	tumba / hechchu	Much / Many

Example:

mAta batter – All came (Kannada: ellA bandru) – Here ‘mAta’ is an indefinite pronoun.

mAta pettalu batta – All cows came (Kannada: ellA danagaLu bandavu) - Here ‘mAta’ is an indefinite adjective pronoun.

orye batte - One (person) came. (Kannada: obbanu bandanu)

ori AN batte - A boy came (Kannada: obba huDuga bandanu)

Let us now make some sentences using these adjective pronouns:

Tulu: A jana Er?

English: Who is that person?

Kannada: A jana yAru?

Tulu: nikk vA padya ishTa?

English: Which song do you like?

Tulu: I UruDu Et mara uNDu?

English: In this village, how many trees are there?

Kannada: I Uralli eshTu maragaLive

Tulu: A jOkulen leppu!

English: Call those children!

Kannada: A makkaLannu kari!

Tulu: enk It bElae gottuNDu

English: I know this much work

Kannada: nanage ishTu kelasa gottide

Tulu: enk At portu kApere Apuji

English: I can’t wait so long (I can’t wait that much time)

Kannada: nanage ashTu hottu kAyOke Agalla

Tulu: nikk pira barrae Et portu bODu?

English: How much time you need to return?

Kannada: ninage vApas barOke eshTu samaya bEku?

Tulu: yAn anchina (anchitti) janan orala tUtijae

English: I have never seen such a person (that kind of person)

Kannada: nAnu antha manushyanannu ommeyU nODilla

Tulu: nikk enchina angi bODu?

English: Which type of shirt do you want?

Kannada: ninage entha angi bEku?

Tulu: inchitti katae enk ishTa

English: I like such stories (this kind of stories)

Kannada: intha kathe nanage ishTA

Tulu: Aye pOdu kelavu dina AND

English: It’s been several days since he went

Kannada: avanu hOgi kelavu dinagaLAytu

Tulu: suru pUra katen kENDoNla

English: Listen to the whole story first

Kannada: modalu pUrti katheyannu  kELikO

Tulu: Aye ori javane

English: He is a young man

Kannada: avanu obba yuvaka

Tulu: Al orti teacher

English: She is a teacher

Kannada: avaLu obbLu teacher

Tulu: yAn onji pustaka dettoNDae

English: I bought a book

Kannada: nAnu ondu pustaka takoNDe

Tulu: vantae dina tarid barpae

English: I will come after few days (Having spent few days, I will come)

Kannada: svalpa dina kaLedu bartEne

Tulu: I dinja/jAsti nIr parODu

English: You should drink much water

Kannada: nInu hechchu nIru kuDibEku

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See you next week!

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Tulu Lesson 19: Adjectives Part 2 - Uses of Adjectival Participles

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn another verbal which is called Adjectival Participles or Verbal Adjectives. There are 4 forms: Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present Adjectival Participles: suffix ‘u’ and ‘pi’

Suffix ‘u’ is added to Class B root verbs and suffix ‘pi’ is added to Class A root verbs.

Examples:

Class A:

bar + pi >> barpi – Coming

tiN + pi >> tiNpi – Eating

pO + pi >>> pOpi – Going

paN + pi >>> paNpi - telling/saying

Class B:

kEN + u >>> kEnu – hearing/asking

malpu + u >>> malpu – doing

bUru + u >>> bUru – falling

pAD + u >>> pADu - putting / wearing

Past Adjectival Participles (Simple): suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

batt + i >>>> batti – came / was come

malt + i >>> malti – did / was done

tU(i) + i >>> tUyi –  saw / was seen

kEND + i >>> kENDi – heard or asked / was heard/asked

paND + i >>> paNDi – told or said / was told/said

jett + i >>> jetti – slept / was slept

bUr(i) + i >>> bUri – fell / was fallen

itt + i >>> itti – was / was been

Past Adjectival Participles (Perfect): suffix ‘di’

Suffix ‘di’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

Examples:

batt +di >>> batt’di >>> baidi – has come

malt + di >>> malt’di – has done

tU(i) + di >>> tUti – has seen

kEND + di >>>  kEND'di >>> kEndi – has heard/asked

paND + di >>> paND'di >>> panti – has told/said

jett + di >>> jett’di >>> jeidi – has slept

bUr(i) + di >>> bUrdi – has fallen

itt + di >>> itt’di  - has been

tiND + di >>> tiND'di >>> tinti – has eaten

Negative Adjectival Participles: suffix ‘andi’

Suffix ‘andi’ is added to root verb.

barandi – has not come

malpandi – has not done

pOvandi –has not gone
tiNandi –has not eaten

uppandi –has not been

ijjandi (or dAnti) – has not been

The Adjectival Participles in Tulu are mainly used as adjectives or in relative clauses. The Genitive case suffix ‘na’ can be optionally added.

Examples:

Tulu: barpi vAra / barpina vAra

Enlish: Coming week or Next Week

Kannada: baruva vAra

Tulu: parappu nIr / parappuna nIr

English: Flowing water

Kannada: hariyuva nIru

Tulu: parpi nIr / parpina nIr

English: Drinking water

Kannada: kuDiyuva nIru

Tulu: bIju gAli / bIjuna gAli

English: Blowing wind

Kannada: bIsuva gALi

Tulu: pOyi tingolu / pOyina tinglu

English: The month that went or last month 

Kannada: hOda tingaLu

Tulu: malti bElae / maltina bElae

English: The work that was done

Kannada: mADida kelasa

Tulu: puTTina dina

English: Born day / Birthday

Kannada: huTTida dina

Tulu: paNDi pAtera / paNDina pAtera

English: The speech that was spoken or promise that was made

Kannada: ADida mAtu

Tulu: tUyi kaNN / tUyina kaNN

English: The eyes that saw

Kannada: nODida kaNNu

Tulu: nama batti sAdi

English: The way by which we came

Kannda: nAvu banda dAri

Tulu: baidi binner / baidina binner

English: The guests who have come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru

Tulu: tUti jana / tUtina jana

English: The people who have seen

Kannada: nODiruva jana

Tulu: kalt’di bAsae / kalt’dina bAsae

English: The language that has been learned / The learned language

Kannada: kalitiruva bAshe

Tulu: paridi angi / paridina angi

English: The shirt that has been torn / The torn shirt

Kannada: harida angi

Tulu: tUvandi Uru / tUvandina Uru

English: The village that is not seen

Kannada: nODada Uru

Tulu: bUrandi mara / bUrandina mara

English: The tree that has not fallen

Tulu: yAn barpi vAra barpae

English: I will come next week

Kannada: nAnu baruva vAra bartEne

Tulu: undu parpina nIra?

English: Is it drinking water?

Kannada: idu kuDiyuva nIra?

Tulu: Ir korpina kAs enk yAvuji

English: The money that you give is not enough for me

Kannada: nIvu koDuva duDDu nanage sAkAguvudilla

Tulu: yAn malpuna bElae mast banga uNDu

English: The work I do is very difficult.

Kannada: nAnu mADuva kelasa tumbA kashTa ide

Tulu: tulu paNpi bAsae

English: A language called Tulu

KannaDa: tulu emba bAsae

Tulu: yAn uppuna ill

English: The house in which I reside

Kannda: nAnu iruva mane

Tulu: yAn paNDi pAtera tatt’d naDapayae

English: I will never break the promise I made.

Kannada: nAnu ADida (koTTa) mAtu tappi naDeyenu

Tulu: nama puTTudu balattina Uru

English: The village where we born and grew up

Kannada: nAvu huTTi beLeda Uru

Tulu: baidina binner Er?

English: Who are the guests who have been come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru yAru?

Tulu: unden tUtina janakulu enaDa paNDer

English: The people who have seen this told me

Kannada: idannu nODida janaru nannalli hELidaru

Tulu: yAn iDe muTa kalt’di bAseleD tulu la onji

English: Tulu is the one among the languages which have been learned by me till now

Kannada: nAnu illivarege kalitiruva bhAshegaLalli tuLu kUDa ondu

Tulu: nIr itti guvel  

English: A well which has water

Kannada: nIru iruva bAvi

Tulu: nIr dAnti guvel

English: A well which doesn’t have water

Kannada: nIru illada bAvi

Tulu: gati dAnti naramAni

English: A helpless man

Kannada: gati illada manushya

Tulu: ninaDd Avandi bElae ijji

English: There is no work which cannot be done by you

Kannada: ninninda Agada kelasa illa

Tulu: nama nADandina jAgae ijji

English: There is no place where we didn’t search

Kannada: nAvu huDukada jAga illa

Like adjectives, Adjectival Participles can also be used with pronouns to indicate gender and number.

tUpinAyae – He who sees (Kannada: nODuvavanu)

tUyinAye – He who saw (Kannada: nODidavanu)

tUtinAye – He who has seen (Kannada: nODiruvavanu)

tUvandinAye – He who has not seen (Kannada: nODadavanu)

pOpinAl – She who goes (Kannada: hOguvavaLu)

pOyinAl – She who went (Kannada: hOdavaLu)

pOtinAl – She who have gone (Kannada: hOgiruvavaLu)

pOvandinAl – She who has not gone (Kannada: hOgadavaLu)

malpunau – That which does (Kannada: mADuvadu)

maltinau – That which did (Kannada: mADidadu)

malt’dinau – That which has done (Kannada: mADiruvadu)

malpandinau – That which has not done (Kannada: mADadavu)

parpinakulu – They who drink (Kannada: kuDiyuvavaru - Plural) 

parinakulu – They who drank (Kannada: kuDidavaru - Plural)

partinakulu – They who have drunken (Kannada: kuDidiruvavaru - Plural)

parandinakulu – They have not drunk (Kannada: kuDiyadavaru - Plural)

barpinAr – He/She who comes (Kannada: baruvavaru - Respectful)

battinAr - He/She who came (Kannada: bandavaru - Respectful) 

baidinAr - He/She who has come (Kannada: bandiruvavaru - Respectful) 

barandinAr – He/She who has not come (Kannada: baradavaru Respectful)

Tulu: kAs ittinAye / kAs uppunAye

English: The one who has money

Kannada: duDDiruvavanu

Tulu: kAs dAntinAye

English: The one who doesn't have money

Kannada: duDDilladavanu

Tulu: I maltinau sama att

English: What you did is not right

Kannada: nInu mADiddu sari alla

Tulu: I maltinain yAn oppujae

English: I will not agree with what you did

Kannada: nInu mADiddannu nAnu oppuvudilla

Tulu: ini barandinakulu ellae baruver

English: Those who did not come today may come tomorrow

Kannada: ivattu baradavaru nALe bandAru

Tulu: yAn paNDinain kENDija

English: You didn’t listen what I said

Kannada: nAnu hELiddannu (nInu) kELalilla

Tulu: baidinakleDa kAperae paNDer

English: They told them, who have come, to wait (Those who have been come are told to wait)

Kannada: bandiruvavaralli kAyalu hELidaru

Tulu: kApunaklen ulai barrae paNDer

English: They told them, who have been waiting, to come inside (Those who have been waiting are told to come inside)

Kannada: kAyuvavarannu oLage baralu hELidaru

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That is all for today. If you have any questions, feel free to comment. See you next week!

solmelu!