Tulu Lesson 19: Adjectives Part 2 - Uses of Participles

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn another verbal which is called Participles or verbal adjectives. There are 4 forms: Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present participle: suffix ‘u’ and ‘pi’

Suffix ‘u’ is added to Class B root verbs and suffix ‘pi’ is added to Class A root verbs.

Examples:

Class A:

bar + pi >> barpi – Coming

tiN + pi >> tiNpi – Eating

pO + pi >>> pOpi – Going

paN + pi >>> paNpi - telling/saying

Class B:

kEN + u >>> kEnu – hearing/asking

malpu + u >>> malpu – doing

bUru + u >>> bUru – falling

pAD + u >>> pADu - putting / wearing

Past participle (Simple): suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

batt + i >>>> batti – came / was come

malt + i >>> malti – did / was done

tU(i) + i >>> tUyi –  saw / was seen

kEND + i >>> kENDi – heard or asked / was heard/asked

paND + i >>> paNDi – told or said / was told/said

jett + i >>> jetti – slept / was slept

bUr(i) + i >>> bUri – fell / was fallen

itt + i >>> itti – was / was been

Past participle (Perfect): Past Gerund + suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Past Gerund (Perfect):

Examples:

batt’d + i >>> batt’di >>> baidi – has come

malt’d + i >>> malt’di – has done

tUd + i >>> tUti – has seen

kEnd + i >>>  kEndi – has heard/asked

pand + i >>> panti – has told/said

jett’d + i >>> jett’di >>> jeidi – has slept

bUrd + i >>> bUrdi – has fallen

itt’d + i >>> itt’di  - has been

tind + i >>> tinti – has eaten

Negative participle: suffix ‘andi’

Suffix ‘andi’ is added to root verb.

barandi – has not come

malpandi – has not done

pOvandi –has not gone
tiNandi –has not eaten

uppandi –has not been

ijjandi (or dAnti) – has not been

The participles in Tulu are mainly used as adjectives or in relative clauses. The Genitive case suffix ‘na’ can be optionally added.

Examples:

Tulu: barpi vAra / barpina vAra

Enlish: Coming week or Next Week

Kannada: baruva vAra

Tulu: parappu nIr / parappuna nIr

English: Flowing water

Kannada: hariyuva nIru

Tulu: parpi nIr / parpina nIr

English: Drinking water

Kannada: kuDiyuva nIru

Tulu: bIju gAli / bIjuna gAli

English: Blowing wind

Kannada: bIsuva gALi

Tulu: pOyi tingolu / pOyina tinglu

English: The month that went or last month 

Kannada: hOda tingaLu

Tulu: malti bElae / maltina bElae

English: The work that was done

Kannada: mADida kelasa

Tulu: paNDi pAtera / paNDina pAtera

English: The speech that was spoken or promise that was made

Kannada: ADida mAtu

Tulu: tUyi kaNN / tUyina kaNN

English: The eyes that saw

Kannada: nODida kaNNu

Tulu: baidi binner / baidina binner

English: The guests who have come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru

Tulu: tUti jana / tUtina jana

English: The people who have seen

Kannada: nODiruva jana

Tulu: kalt’di bAsae / kalt’dina bAsae

English: The language that has been learned / The learned language

Kannada: kalitiruva bAshe

Tulu: paridi angi / paridina angi

English: The shirt that has been torn / The torn shirt

Kannada: harida angi

Tulu: tUvandi Uru / tUvandina Uru

English: The village that is not seen

Kannada: nODada Uru

Tulu: bUrandi mara / bUrandina mara

English: The tree that has not fallen

Tulu: yAn barpi vAra barpae

English: I will come next week

Kannada: nAnu baruva vAra bartEne

Tulu: undu parpina nIra?

English: Is it drinking water?

Kannada: idu kuDiyuva nIra?

Tulu: Ir korpina kAs enk yAvuji

English: The money that you give is not enough for me

Kannada: nIvu koDuva duDDu nanage sAkAguvudilla

Tulu: yAn malpuna bElae mast banga uNDu

English: The work I do is very difficult.

Kannada: nAnu mADuva kelasa tumbA kashTa ide

Tulu: yAn paNDi pAtera tatt’d naDapayae

English: I will never break the promise I made.

Kannada: nAnu ADida (koTTa) mAtu tappi naDeyenu

Tulu: nama puTTudu balattina Uru

English: The village where we born and grew up

Kannada: nAvu huTTi beLeda Uru

Tulu: tulu panpi bAsae

English: A language called Tulu

Kannada: tuLu ennuvavbAshe

Tulu: nIr itti guvel  

English: A well which has water

Kannada: nIru iruva bAvi

Tulu: nIr dAnti guvel

English: A well which doesn’t have water

Kannada: nIru illada bAvi

Tulu: gati dAnti naramAni

English: A helpless man

Kannada: gati illada manushya

Tulu: Avandi bElae

English: Work that was not done

Kannada: Agada kelasa

Tulu: nama batti sAdi

English: The way by which we came

Kannda: nAvu banda dAri

Tulu: yAn uppuna ill

English: The house in which I reside

Kannda: nAnu iruva mane

Like adjectives, participles can also be used with pronouns to indicate gender and number.

tUpinAyae – He who sees (Kannada: nODuvavanu)

pOyinAl – She who went (Kannada: hOdavaLu)

partinakulu – They who have drunken (Kannada: kuDidiruvavaru)

barandinAr – He/She who has not come (Kannada: baradavaru)

malpunau – That which does
(Kannada: mADuvadu)

Tulu: kAs ittinAye / kAs uppunAye

English: The one who has money

Kannada: duDDiruvavanu

Tulu: kAs dAntinAye

English: The one who doesn't have money

Kannada: duDDilladavanu

Tulu: I maltinau sari att

English: What you did is not right

Kannada: nInu mADiddu sari alla

Tulu: ini barandinakulu ellae baruver

English: Those who did not come today may come tomorrow

Kannada: ivattu baradavaru nALe bandAru

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

Click here for Video lessons

That is all for today. If you have any questions, feel free to comment. See you next week!

solmelu!