Tulu Lesson 19: Adjectives Part 2 - Uses of Participles

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn another verbal which is called Participles or verbal adjectives. There are 4 forms: Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present participle: suffix ‘u’ and ‘pi’

Suffix ‘u’ is added to Class B root verbs and suffix ‘pi’ is added to Class A root verbs.

Examples:

Class A:

bar + pi >> barpi – Coming

tiN + pi >> tiNpi – Eating

pO + pi >>> pOpi – Going

paN + pi >>> paNpi - telling/saying

Class B:

kEN + u >>> kEnu – hearing/asking

malpu + u >>> malpu – doing

bUru + u >>> bUru – falling

pAD + u >>> pADu - putting / wearing

Past participle (Simple): suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

batt + i >>>> batti – came / was come

malt + i >>> malti – did / was done

tU(i) + i >>> tUyi –  saw / was seen

kEND + i >>> kENDi – heard or asked / was heard/asked

paND + i >>> paNDi – told or said / was told/said

jett + i >>> jetti – slept / was slept

bUr(i) + i >>> bUri – fell / was fallen

itt + i >>> itti – was / was been

Past participle (Perfect): Past Gerund + suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Past Gerund (Perfect):

Examples:

batt’d + i >>> batt’di >>> baidi – has come

malt’d + i >>> malt’di – has done

tUd + i >>> tUti – has seen

kEnd + i >>>  kEndi – has heard/asked

pand + i >>> panti – has told/said

jett’d + i >>> jett’di >>> jeidi – has slept

bUrd + i >>> bUrdi – has fallen

itt’d + i >>> itt’di  - has been

tind + i >>> tinti – has eaten

Negative participle: suffix ‘andi’

Suffix ‘andi’ is added to root verb.

barandi – has not come

malpandi – has not done

pOvandi –has not gone
tiNandi –has not eaten

uppandi –has not been

ijjandi (or dAnti) – has not been

The participles in Tulu are mainly used as adjectives or in relative clauses. The Genitive case suffix ‘na’ can be optionally added.

Examples:

Tulu: barpi vAra / barpina vAra

Enlish: Coming week or Next Week

Kannada: baruva vAra

Tulu: parappu nIr / parappuna nIr

English: Flowing water

Kannada: hariyuva nIru

Tulu: parpi nIr / parpina nIr

English: Drinking water

Kannada: kuDiyuva nIru

Tulu: bIju gAli / bIjuna gAli

English: Blowing wind

Kannada: bIsuva gALi

Tulu: pOyi tingolu / pOyina tinglu

English: The month that went or last month 

Kannada: hOda tingaLu

Tulu: malti bElae / maltina bElae

English: The work that was done

Kannada: mADida kelasa

Tulu: paNDi pAtera / paNDina pAtera

English: The speech that was spoken or promise that was made

Kannada: ADida mAtu

Tulu: tUyi kaNN / tUyina kaNN

English: The eyes that saw

Kannada: nODida kaNNu

Tulu: baidi binner / baidina binner

English: The guests who have come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru

Tulu: tUti jana / tUtina jana

English: The people who have seen

Kannada: nODiruva jana

Tulu: kalt’di bAsae / kalt’dina bAsae

English: The language that has been learned / The learned language

Kannada: kalitiruva bAshe

Tulu: paridi angi / paridina angi

English: The shirt that has been torn / The torn shirt

Kannada: harida angi

Tulu: tUvandi Uru / tUvandina Uru

English: The village that is not seen

Kannada: nODada Uru

Tulu: bUrandi mara / bUrandina mara

English: The tree that has not fallen

Tulu: yAn barpi vAra barpae

English: I will come next week

Kannada: nAnu baruva vAra bartEne

Tulu: undu parpina nIra?

English: Is it drinking water?

Kannada: idu kuDiyuva nIra?

Tulu: Ir korpina kAs enk yAvuji

English: The money that you give is not enough for me

Kannada: nIvu koDuva duDDu nanage sAkAguvudilla

Tulu: yAn malpuna bElae mast banga uNDu

English: The work I do is very difficult.

Kannada: nAnu mADuva kelasa tumbA kashTa ide

Tulu: yAn paNDi pAtera tatt’d naDapayae

English: I will never break the promise I made.

Kannada: nAnu ADida (koTTa) mAtu tappi naDeyenu

Tulu: nama puTTudu balattina Uru

English: The village where we born and grew up

Kannada: nAvu huTTi beLeda Uru

Tulu: tulu panpi bAsae

English: A language called Tulu

Kannada: tuLu ennuvavbAshe

Tulu: nIr itti guvel  

English: A well which has water

Kannada: nIru iruva bAvi

Tulu: nIr dAnti guvel

English: A well which doesn’t have water

Kannada: nIru illada bAvi

Tulu: gati dAnti naramAni

English: A helpless man

Kannada: gati illada manushya

Tulu: Avandi bElae

English: Work that was not done

Kannada: Agada kelasa

Tulu: nama batti sAdi

English: The way by which we came

Kannda: nAvu banda dAri

Tulu: yAn uppuna ill

English: The house in which I reside

Kannda: nAnu iruva mane

Like adjectives, participles can also be used with pronouns to indicate gender and number.

tUpinAyae – He who sees (Kannada: nODuvavanu)

pOyinAl – She who went (Kannada: hOdavaLu)

partinakulu – They who have drunken (Kannada: kuDidiruvavaru)

barandinAr – He/She who has not come (Kannada: baradavaru)

malpunau – That which does
(Kannada: mADuvadu)

Tulu: kAs ittinAye / kAs uppunAye

English: The one who has money

Kannada: duDDiruvavanu

Tulu: kAs dAntinAye

English: The one who doesn't have money

Kannada: duDDilladavanu

Tulu: I maltinau sari att

English: What you did is not right

Kannada: nInu mADiddu sari alla

Tulu: ini barandinakulu ellae baruver

English: Those who did not come today may come tomorrow

Kannada: ivattu baradavaru nALe bandAru

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

That is all for today. If you have any questions, feel free to comment. See you next week!

solmelu!