Tulu Lesson 19: Adjectives Part 2 - Uses of Adjectival Participles

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn another verbal which is called Adjectival Participles or Verbal Adjectives. There are 4 forms: Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present Adjectival Participles: suffix ‘u’ and ‘pi’

Suffix ‘u’ is added to Class B root verbs and suffix ‘pi’ is added to Class A root verbs.

Examples:

Class A:

bar + pi >> barpi – Coming

tiN + pi >> tiNpi – Eating

pO + pi >>> pOpi – Going

paN + pi >>> paNpi - telling/saying

Class B:

kEN + u >>> kEnu – hearing/asking

malpu + u >>> malpu – doing

bUru + u >>> bUru – falling

pAD + u >>> pADu - putting / wearing

Past Adjectival Participles (Simple): suffix ‘i’

Suffix ‘i’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

batt + i >>>> batti – came / was come

malt + i >>> malti – did / was done

tU(i) + i >>> tUyi –  saw / was seen

kEND + i >>> kENDi – heard or asked / was heard/asked

paND + i >>> paNDi – told or said / was told/said

jett + i >>> jetti – slept / was slept

bUr(i) + i >>> bUri – fell / was fallen

itt + i >>> itti – was / was been

Past Adjectival Participles (Perfect): suffix ‘di’

Suffix ‘di’ is added to Simple Past verb stem:

Examples:

batt +di >>> batt’di >>> baidi – has come

malt + di >>> malt’di – has done

tU(i) + di >>> tUti – has seen

kEND + di >>>  kEND'di >>> kEndi – has heard/asked

paND + di >>> paND'di >>> panti – has told/said

jett + di >>> jett’di >>> jeidi – has slept

bUr(i) + di >>> bUrdi – has fallen

itt + di >>> itt’di  - has been

tiND + di >>> tiND'di >>> tinti – has eaten

Negative Adjectival Participles: suffix ‘andi’

Suffix ‘andi’ is added to root verb.

barandi – has not come

malpandi – has not done

pOvandi –has not gone
tiNandi –has not eaten

uppandi –has not been

ijjandi (or dAnti) – has not been

The Adjectival Participles in Tulu are mainly used as adjectives or in relative clauses. The Genitive case suffix ‘na’ can be optionally added.

Examples:

Tulu: barpi vAra / barpina vAra

Enlish: Coming week or Next Week

Kannada: baruva vAra

Tulu: parappu nIr / parappuna nIr

English: Flowing water

Kannada: hariyuva nIru

Tulu: parpi nIr / parpina nIr

English: Drinking water

Kannada: kuDiyuva nIru

Tulu: bIju gAli / bIjuna gAli

English: Blowing wind

Kannada: bIsuva gALi

Tulu: pOyi tingolu / pOyina tinglu

English: The month that went or last month 

Kannada: hOda tingaLu

Tulu: malti bElae / maltina bElae

English: The work that was done

Kannada: mADida kelasa

Tulu: puTTina dina

English: Born day / Birthday

Kannada: huTTida dina

Tulu: paNDi pAtera / paNDina pAtera

English: The speech that was spoken or promise that was made

Kannada: ADida mAtu

Tulu: tUyi kaNN / tUyina kaNN

English: The eyes that saw

Kannada: nODida kaNNu

Tulu: nama batti sAdi

English: The way by which we came

Kannda: nAvu banda dAri

Tulu: baidi binner / baidina binner

English: The guests who have come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru

Tulu: tUti jana / tUtina jana

English: The people who have seen

Kannada: nODiruva jana

Tulu: kalt’di bAsae / kalt’dina bAsae

English: The language that has been learned / The learned language

Kannada: kalitiruva bAshe

Tulu: paridi angi / paridina angi

English: The shirt that has been torn / The torn shirt

Kannada: harida angi

Tulu: tUvandi Uru / tUvandina Uru

English: The village that is not seen

Kannada: nODada Uru

Tulu: bUrandi mara / bUrandina mara

English: The tree that has not fallen

Tulu: yAn barpi vAra barpae

English: I will come next week

Kannada: nAnu baruva vAra bartEne

Tulu: undu parpina nIra?

English: Is it drinking water?

Kannada: idu kuDiyuva nIra?

Tulu: Ir korpina kAs enk yAvuji

English: The money that you give is not enough for me

Kannada: nIvu koDuva duDDu nanage sAkAguvudilla

Tulu: yAn malpuna bElae mast banga uNDu

English: The work I do is very difficult.

Kannada: nAnu mADuva kelasa tumbA kashTa ide

Tulu: tulu paNpi bAsae

English: A language called Tulu

KannaDa: tulu emba bAsae

Tulu: yAn uppuna ill

English: The house in which I reside

Kannda: nAnu iruva mane

Tulu: yAn paNDi pAtera tatt’d naDapayae

English: I will never break the promise I made.

Kannada: nAnu ADida (koTTa) mAtu tappi naDeyenu

Tulu: nama puTTudu balattina Uru

English: The village where we born and grew up

Kannada: nAvu huTTi beLeda Uru

Tulu: baidina binner Er?

English: Who are the guests who have been come

Kannada: bandiruva neNTaru yAru?

Tulu: unden tUtina janakulu enaDa paNDer

English: The people who have seen this told me

Kannada: idannu nODida janaru nannalli hELidaru

Tulu: yAn iDe muTa kalt’di bAseleD tulu la onji

English: Tulu is the one among the languages which have been learned by me till now

Kannada: nAnu illivarege kalitiruva bhAshegaLalli tuLu kUDa ondu

Tulu: nIr itti guvel  

English: A well which has water

Kannada: nIru iruva bAvi

Tulu: nIr dAnti guvel

English: A well which doesn’t have water

Kannada: nIru illada bAvi

Tulu: gati dAnti naramAni

English: A helpless man

Kannada: gati illada manushya

Tulu: ninaDd Avandi bElae ijji

English: There is no work which cannot be done by you

Kannada: ninninda Agada kelasa illa

Tulu: nama nADandina jAgae ijji

English: There is no place where we didn’t search

Kannada: nAvu huDukada jAga illa

Like adjectives, Adjectival Participles can also be used with pronouns to indicate gender and number.

tUpinAyae – He who sees (Kannada: nODuvavanu)

tUyinAye – He who saw (Kannada: nODidavanu)

tUtinAye – He who has seen (Kannada: nODiruvavanu)

tUvandinAye – He who has not seen (Kannada: nODadavanu)

pOpinAl – She who goes (Kannada: hOguvavaLu)

pOyinAl – She who went (Kannada: hOdavaLu)

pOtinAl – She who have gone (Kannada: hOgiruvavaLu)

pOvandinAl – She who has not gone (Kannada: hOgadavaLu)

malpunau – That which does (Kannada: mADuvadu)

maltinau – That which did (Kannada: mADidadu)

malt’dinau – That which has done (Kannada: mADiruvadu)

malpandinau – That which has not done (Kannada: mADadavu)

parpinakulu – They who drink (Kannada: kuDiyuvavaru - Plural) 

parinakulu – They who drank (Kannada: kuDidavaru - Plural)

partinakulu – They who have drunken (Kannada: kuDidiruvavaru - Plural)

parandinakulu – They have not drunk (Kannada: kuDiyadavaru - Plural)

barpinAr – He/She who comes (Kannada: baruvavaru - Respectful)

battinAr - He/She who came (Kannada: bandavaru - Respectful) 

baidinAr - He/She who has come (Kannada: bandiruvavaru - Respectful) 

barandinAr – He/She who has not come (Kannada: baradavaru Respectful)

Tulu: kAs ittinAye / kAs uppunAye

English: The one who has money

Kannada: duDDiruvavanu

Tulu: kAs dAntinAye

English: The one who doesn't have money

Kannada: duDDilladavanu

Tulu: I maltinau sama att

English: What you did is not right

Kannada: nInu mADiddu sari alla

Tulu: I maltinain yAn oppujae

English: I will not agree with what you did

Kannada: nInu mADiddannu nAnu oppuvudilla

Tulu: ini barandinakulu ellae baruver

English: Those who did not come today may come tomorrow

Kannada: ivattu baradavaru nALe bandAru

Tulu: yAn paNDinain kENDija

English: You didn’t listen what I said

Kannada: nAnu hELiddannu (nInu) kELalilla

Tulu: baidinakleDa kAperae paNDer

English: They told them, who have come, to wait (Those who have been come are told to wait)

Kannada: bandiruvavaralli kAyalu hELidaru

Tulu: kApunaklen ulai barrae paNDer

English: They told them, who have been waiting, to come inside (Those who have been waiting are told to come inside)

Kannada: kAyuvavarannu oLage baralu hELidaru

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That is all for today. If you have any questions, feel free to comment. See you next week!

solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 18: Uses of Adverbial Participles (Verbal Adverbs)

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn something new, i.e.Verbals. Verbals are forms of verb which is used as another part of speech like nouns, adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.

Following are the types of Verbals in Tulu:

• Adverbial Participles or Verbal Adverbs (Present, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Adjectival Participles or Verbal Adjectives (Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Gerunds (Present, Simple Past, Past Perfect and Negative)
• Verbal Nouns
• Infinitives 

 Let us look into only Adverbial Participles today. Next week we will cover Adjectival Participles, Gerunds and Infinitives.

Adverbial Participles are mainly used as adverbs. There are three forms; Present, Past Perfect and Negative.

Present Adverbial Participles:  suffix ‘ondu’

Examples:

maltondu – doing (Kannada: mADtA)

pOvondu – going ( Kannada: hOgtA)

ittondu – being (Kannada: iruttA)

tiNondu – eating (Kannada: tinnuttA)

We have already learned this form in Present Continuous tense. This form is used to express the mode how an action is done.

Tulu: Aye baltondu batte

English: He came running

Kannada: avanu ODtA banda

Tulu: akulu pAterondu bElae maltonduller

English: They are speaking and working.

Kannada: avaru mAtannADtA kelasa mADtiddAre

Tulu: Al teltondu pOyal

English: avaLu nagtA hOdaLu

Kannada: She went smiling

Tulu: sudae paratondu kaDal sEruNDu

English: River flows and joins the sea. 

Kannada: nadi haritA samudra sErtade.

Tulu: mange maroDdu maroku lAgyondu pONDu.

English: The monkey went jumping from tree to tree.

Kannada: manga maradinda marakke jigitA hOytu.  

Past Adverbial Participles (Perfect): suffix ‘d’

Examples:

malt’d – having done (Kannada: mADi)

itt’d – having been (Kannada: iddu)

pOdu – having gone (Kannada: hOgi)

tiND’d or tind – having eaten (Kannada: tindu) 

Note: “tiND’d” also pronounced as “tind” in common Tulu and so all verbs ending in ‘N’.  E.g. kEND’d >> kEnd, uND’d >> undu, paND’d >> pand

We have already learned this form in Present Perfect tense. This form is used to express actions in sequence.

Tulu: Aye uND’d (undu) jette

English: He had lunch/dinner and slept. (Having had dinner/lunch, he slept)

Kannada: avanu UTa mADi malagida

Tulu: Aye kANdae enma gaNTeg lakk’d, mId, chA pard sAleg pOye

English: He got up at 8 O’clock, took bath, had tea and went to school. 

Kannda: avanu beLagge eNTu gaNTege eddu, snAna mADi, chaha kuDidu shAlege hOda

Tulu: yAn AyeDa paND’d (pand) barpae

English: I will tell him and come (Having told him, I will come)

Kannada: nAnu avanige hELi bartEne

Tulu: enkulu pOdu barpa

English: We will go and come. (Having gone, we will come)

Kannada: nAvu hOgi bartEve

Tulu: Ayena bElae mugit’d illaDe pOye

English: Having finished his work, he went home.

Kannada: avana kelasa mugisi manage hOda

To express the reason or cause of actions:

Tulu: barsa batt’d yAn chaNDi Ayae

English: It rained and so I got wet.

Kannada: maLe bandu odde Ade

Tulu: balt’d balt’d enk bachch’ND

English: I am tired from running

Kannada: ODi ODi nanage sustAytu

Tulu: ninan tUdu enk kushi AND

English: I am happy seeing you

Kannada: ninnanu nODi kushi Aytu

To express time:

Tulu: Aye pOdu onji varsha AND

English: It’s been one year since he went

Kannada: avanu hOgi ondu vasha Aytu.

Tulu: ninan tUdu mast samaya AND

English: It’s been a long time since I saw you

Kannada: ninnannu nODi tumbA samayavAytu

Negative Adverbial Participles: suffix ‘andae’

Examples:

malpu + andae >>> malpandae - having not done (Kannada: mADade)

pOvandae – having not gone (Kannada: hOgade)

tiNandae – having not eaten (Kannada: tinnade)

uppandae – having not been (Kannada: irade)

ijjandae (or dAntae) – having not been (Kannada: illade)

Generally this form gives the meaning of ‘without’.

Tulu: satya paNandae bEtae sAdi ijji

English: Without telling the truth there is no other way

Kannada: satya hELade bEre dAri illa

Tulu: I dAntae (ijjandae) yAn bad’kayae

Englsih: Without you I can’t live

Kannada: nInu illade nAnu badukenu

Tulu: Aye eNDa paNandae pOye

English: He went without informing (telling) me

Kannda: avanu nanage hELade hOda

Tulu: Aye uNandae jette

English: Without having lunch/dinner, he slept

Kannada: avanu UTa mADade malagida

To express the reason or cause of actions:

Tulu: imbe Odandae parIksheD fail Aye

English: He failed in the exam by not reading

Kannada: ivanu Odade parIksheyalli fail Ada

Tulu: yAn teriyandae tappu maltae

English: I did a mistake unknowingly

Kannada: nAnu tiLiyade tappu mADide

To express time:

Tulu: akulu barandae onji varsha AND

English: It’s been one year since they came

Kannada: avaru barade ondu varsha Aytu

Tulu: ninan tUvande mast samaya AND

English: It’s been a long time since I saw you

Kannada: ninnannu nODade tumbA samayavAytu

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See you next week!

solmelu!