Tulu Lesson 8: Negative and Interrogative in Future Tense

Hello everyone! Welcome back!

Last week we have learnt how to conjugate verbs in Future tense. I hope you had no problem with that. Today we are going to learn negative and interrogative form of sentences in Future Tense.

To make negative form of personal endings in Future tense, we have to add ‘ay’ sound. Third person neuter singular is irregular.

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: bar	Pronoun	Ending	Example: bar
First Person		yAn	ayae	barayae	nama/enkulu	aya	baraya
Second Person		I	aya	baraya	nikulu/Ir	ayar	barayar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	aye	baraye	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	ayer	barayer
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	ayal	barayal
	Neut.	au/undu	and	barand	aikulu/undekulu	aya	baraya

To conjugate verbs, we have to just add personal endings directly to root verbs without using any additional sounds in between. This is applicable for both Class A and Class B verbs. However, verbs ending with long vowels (like pO, dI, mI, A, tU, rA, sai) are exceptions. These verbs can be conjugated by adding additional ‘v’ sound in between root verb and personal ending.

Class A verb: bar (barpini) – To come

bar + ayae = barayae

yAn barayae – I will probably not come

I baraya – You will probably not come

Aye/imbe baraye – He will probably not come

Al/mOlu barayal – She will probably not come

au/undu barand – It will probably not come

nama/enkulu baraya – We will probably not come

Ir/nikulu barayar – You will probably not come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr barayer – They will probably not come

undekulu/aikulu baraya – They will probably not come

Class A verb: pO (pOpini) – To go

pO + v + ayae = pOvayae

yAn pOvayae – I will probably not go

I pOvaya – You will probably not go

Aye/imbe pOvaye – He will probably not go

Al/mOlu pOvayal – She will probably not go

au/undu pOvand – It will probably not go

nama/enkulu pOvaya – We will probably not go

Ir/nikulu pOvayar – You will probably not go

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvayer – They will probably not go

undekulu/aikulu pOvaya – They will probably not go

Class B verb: mAr (mAruni) – To sell

mAr + ayae = mArayae

yAn mArayae – I will probably not sell

I mAraya – You will probably not sell

Aye/imbe mAraye – He will probably not sell

Al/mOlu mArayal – She will probably not sell

au/undu mArand – It will probably not sell

nama/enkulu mAraya – We will probably not sell

Ir/nikulu mArayar – You will probably not sell

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr mArayer – They will probably not sell

undekulu/aikulu mAraya – They will probably not sell

Class B verb: malpu (malpuni) – To do

malpu + ayae = malpayae

yAn malpayae – I will probably not do

I malpaya – You will probably not do

Aye/imbe malpaye – He will probably not do

Al/mOlu malpayal – She will probably not do

au/undu malpand – It will probably not do

nama/enkulu malpaya – We will probably not do

Ir/nikulu malpayar – You will probably not do

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malpayer – They will probably not do

undekulu/aikulu malpaya – They will probably not do

Class A verb: A (Apini - to become/happen)

A + v + ayae = Avayae

yAn Avayae – I will probably not become

I Avaya – You will probably not become

Aye/imbe Avaye – He will probably not become

Al/mOlu Avayal – She will probably not become

au/undu Avand – It will probably not become (It may not happen)

nama/enkulu Avaya – We will probably not become

Ir/nikulu Avayar – You will probably not become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Avayer – They will probably not become

undekulu/aikulu Avaya – They will probably not become

Class B: uppu (uppuni – to be)

uppu + ayae = uppayae

yAn uppayae – I will probably not be

I uppaya – You will probably not be

Aye/imbe uppaye – He will probably not be

Al/mOlu uppayal – She will probably not be

au/undu uppand – It will probably not be

nama/enkulu uppaya – We will probably not be

Ir/nikulu uppayar – You will probably not be

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr uppayer – They will probably not be

undekulu/aikulu uppaya – They will probably not be

Examples:

Tulu: ini barsa barand
English: It may not rain today.
Kannada: ivattu maLe baradu

Tulu: Aye illaD uppaye
English: He may not be at home
Kannada: avanu maneyalli iranu

Tulu: I eNDa pAteraya
English: You will probably not speak with me.
Kannada: nInu nannalli mAtannADe

Tulu: Al Ayen madimae Avayal
English: She will probably not marry him
Kannada: avalu avanannu maduve AgaLu

Tulu: patteDd jAsti jana uppayer
English: There may not be more than 10 people.
Kannada: hattakkinta jAsti jana iraru

Tulu: Ar ninan mApu malpayer
English: He will probably not forgive you.
Kannada: avaru ninnannu kshamisaru

Tulu: akleg mUlu eDDae Avand
English: They may not feel comfortable here.
Kannada: avarige illi sari Agadu

Tulu: nikk kushi Avand
English: You may not feel happy.
Kannada: ninage kushi Agadu

The negative form of the Future Tense also used to express resolution or emphasis:

Examples:

Tulu: yAn Epola sullu paNayae
English:  I will never lie
Kannada: nAnu yAvattU suLLu hELenu

Tulu: kuDora yAn barayae
English:  I will never come again
Kannada: innomme nAnu barenu

Tulu: nana mitt yAn niNDa pAterayae
English:  From now on, I will never speak to you.
Kannada: innu munde nAnu ninnalli mAtannADenu

Tulu: Aye ninan Epogla buDaye
English:  He will never leave you.
Kannada: avanu ninnannu yAvattigU biDanu

Tulu: yAn ninan madapayae
English:  I will never forget you
Kannada: nAnu ninnannu mareyenu

To make the interrogative form of sentences, we need to add ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end. If a word or sentence ends in vowel ‘a’, ‘e’, 'ae' or ‘o’, then add ‘na’. If a word or sentence ends in a consonant (half-u), ‘i’ or ‘u’, then add ‘a’. But what is important here is the way we pronounce the sentence to make it a question.

Aye barpe – He comes/He will come

Aye baruve – He will probably come

Aye barpena? – Does he come?/Will he come?

Aye baruvena? – Will he come? (Is there any possibility he will come?)

Aye barpujena? – Doesn’t he come?/Won’t he come?

Aye barayena? – Won’t he come? (Is there any possibility he will not come?)

yAn baruvena? – Will I come? (Is there any possibility I will come?)

yAn barayena? – Won’t I come? (Is there any possibility I will not come?)

I baruvana? – Will you come? (Is there any possibility you will come?)

I barayana? – Won’t you come? (Is there any possibility you will not come?)

Al baruvala? – Will she come? (Is there any possibility she will come?)

Al barayala? -  Won’t she come? (Is there any possibility she will not come?)

au baruva? – Will it come? (Is there any possibility it will come?)

au baranda? – Won’t it come? (Is there any possibility it will not come?)

nama baruvana? – Will we come? (Is there any possibility we will come?)

nama barayana? – Won’t we come? (Is there any possibility we will not come?)

nikulu baruvara? – Will you come? (Is there any possibility you will come?)

nikulu barayara? – Won’t you come? (Is there any possibility you will not come?)

akulu baruvera? – Will they come? (Is there any possibility they will come?)

akulu barayera? – Won’t they come? (Is there any possibility they will not come?)

aikulu baruvana? – Will they come? (Is there any possibility they will come?)

aikulu barayana? – Won’t they come? (Is there any possibility they will not come?)

Examples:

nama onji gaNTeD etta – We will probably reach in an hour.

nama onji gaNTeD ettaya – We will probably not reach in an hour.

nama onji gaNTeD ettana? – Is there any possibility we will reach in an hour?

nama onji gaNTeD ettayana? - Is there any possibility we will not reach in an hour?

Tulu: Aye ini pOvena?
English:  Is there any possibility he will go today?
Kannada: avanu ivattu hOdAna?

Tulu: Aye ini pOvene? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Is there any possibility he will go today?
Kannada: avanu ivattu hOdAna?

Tulu: and, pOve
English:  Yes, he will probably go
Kannada: houdu, hOdAnu

Tulu: ijji, pOvaye
English:  No, he will probably not go
Kannada: illa, hOganu

Tulu: Aye illaD uppena?
English:  Is there any possibility he will be at home?
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahuda?

Tulu: Aye illaD uppene? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Is there any possibility he will be at home?
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahuda?

Tulu: dAnna! enk gottuji
English:  Perhaps so! I don’t know
Kannada: EnO! nanage gottilla

dAne = What

dAnna (dAne + na) = something/maybe/perhaps/not certain/don’t know (used when one does not wish to be definite or assertive in the expression of an opinion.)

Tulu: Aye illaD uppena, dAnna!
English:  Perhaps, he will be at home
Kannada: avanu maneyalli irabahudO, EnO!

Tulu: Aye ellae barayena, dAnna!
English:  Maybe, he will not come tomorrow
Kannada: avanu nALe bAranO, EnO!

Aye Doctor Ape – He will become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Ave – He will probably become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Apena? - Will he become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Avena? - Is there any possibility he will become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Apuje – He will not become a Doctor.

Aye Doctor Avaye - He will probably not become a Doctor

Aye Doctor Apujena? – Won’t he become a Doctor?

Aye Doctor Avayena? - Is there any possibility he will not become a Doctor?

Ayeg bEjAr Avu – He will probably feel bad.

Ayeg bEjAr Avand – He will probably not feel bad.

Ayeg bEjAr Ava? – Will he feel bad? (Is there any possibility he will feel bad?)

Ayeg bEjAr Avanda? – Won’t he feel bad? (Is there any possibility he will not feel bad?)

In Tulu ‘Avu’ is also used to express consent like ‘okay’ in English.

Tulu: nikk ov Avu? chAna, kAphiya?
English:  What do you prefer? Tea or Coffee? Literally “Which one is okay for you, Tea or Coffee”
Kannada: ninage yAvudu AdItu? chahAna, kAphIna?

Tulu: chA Ava, kAphi Ava?
English:  Would you like to have tea or coffee?
Kannada: chahA AdIta, kAphi AdIta?

Tulu: chA Ave, kAphi Ave? (giving respect to listener)
English:  Would you like to have tea or coffee?
Kannada: chahA AdIta, kAphi AdIta?

Tulu: enk chA Avu
English:  I prefer Tea (Literally “Tea is okay for me”)
Kannada: nanage chahA AdItu

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(Note: Tulu sentences used in this lesson are common in daily conversation. But, I don't think Kannada translations in this lesson are used in daily conversation. You may only see them in historical movies or plays, if I am not wrong. If I made any mistakes in Kannada translations, feel free to correct me) 

All right! With this we come to the end of lesson 8. See you next week!

solmelu!

Tulu Lesson 7: (Uncertain) Future Tense

mAteregla namaskAra! We have already learnt Simple Present Tense in Tulu. As I said earlier, in Tulu, Simple Present Tense also used to talk about actions that will happen certainly in the future (prior plans, strong intentions, fixed arrangements and to make promises or threats).

yAn Epola barpae – I always come

yAn ellae barpae – I will come tomorrow

In Tulu, Future Tense is mainly used to express probability or uncertainty. Look at the following sentences:

I may come tomorrow

I will probably come tomorrow.

Today we are going to learn these types of sentences in Tulu.   Let us learn how to conjugate verbs in Future Tense first.

In Simple Present Tense, we divided verbs into two groups; Class A and Class B. For Class A verbs, we added ‘p’ sound and for Class B, we added ‘uv’ sound to root verbs and then added personal endings to conjugate verbs in Simple Present Tense. Alright! To conjugate verbs in Future Tense, add ‘uv’ sound to Class A verbs and nothing to Class B verbs and then add personal endings!

Class A verbs: Root verb + uv + personal ending

Class B verbs: Root verb + personal ending

Personal endings in Future Tense are same as Simple Present Tense except third person neuter singular.

		Singular			Plural
		Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO	Pronoun	Ending	Example: pO
First Person		yAn	ae	pOvae	nama/enkulu	a	pOva
Second Person		I	a	pOva	nikulu/Ir	ar	pOvar
Third Person	Masc.	Aye/imbe	e	pOve	akulu/Ar/mokulu/mEr	er	pOver
	Fem.	Al/mOlu	al	pOval
	Neut.	au/undu	u	pOvu	aikulu/undekulu	a	pOva

Now let us conjugate some verbs in Future Tense.

Class A: bar (barpini – to come)

bar + uv + ae = baruvae – I will probably come (I may come)

Class B: mAr (mAruni – to sell)

mAr + ae = mArae – I will probably sell (I may sell)

yAn baruvae – I will probably come

I baruva – You will probably come

Aye/imbe baruve – He will probably come

Al/mOlu baruval – She will probably come

au/undu baru – It will probably come (We don’t have to add ‘uv’ sound since personal ending starts from ‘u’ sound)

nama/enkulu baruva – We will probably come

Ir/nikulu baruvar – You will probably come

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr baruver – They will probably come

undekulu/aikulu baruva – They will probably come

yAn mArae – I will probably sell

I mAra – You will probably sell

Aye/imbe mAre – He will probably sell

Al/mOlu mAral – She will probably sell

au/undu mAru – It will probably sell

nama/enkulu mAra – We will probably sell

Ir/nikulu mArar – You will probably sell

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr mArer – They will probably sell

undekulu/aikulu mAra – They will probably sell

Class A: pO (pOpini – to go)

pO + uv + ae = pOvae

Class B: malpu (malpuni – to do)

malpu + ae = malpae (if root verb has final ‘u’, then ‘u’ is dropped before adding personal ending)

yAn pOvae – I will probably go

I pOva – You will probably go

Aye/imbe pOve – He will probably go

Al/mOlu pOval – She will probably go

au/undu pOvu – It will probably go

nama/enkulu pOva – We will probably go

Ir/nikulu pOvar – You will probably go

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOver – They will probably go

undekulu/aikulu pOva – They will probably go

yAn malpae – I will probably do

I malpa – You will probably do

Aye/imbe malpe – He will probably do

Al/mOlu malpal – She will probably do

au/undu malpu – It will probably do

nama/enkulu malpa – We will probably do

Ir/nikulu malpar – You will probably do

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malper – They will probably do

undekulu/aikulu malpa – They will probably do

Class A: A (Apini - to become/happen)

A + uv + ae = Avae

yAn Avae – I will probably become

I Ava – You will probably become

Aye/imbe Ave – He will probably become

Al/mOlu Aval – She will probably become

au/undu Avu – It will probably become (It may happen)

nama/enkulu Ava – We will probably become

Ir/nikulu Avar – You will probably become

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr Aver – They will probably become

undekulu/aikulu Ava – They will probably become

In Tulu ‘Avu’ is also used to express consent like ‘okay’ in English.

Class B: uppu (uppuni – to be)

uppu + ae = uppae

yAn uppae – I will probably be

I uppa – You will probably be

Aye/imbe uppe – He will probably be

Al/mOlu uppal – She will probably be

au/undu uppu – It will probably be

nama/enkulu uppa – We will probably be

Ir/nikulu uppar – You will probably be

akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr upper – They will probably be

undekulu/aikulu uppa – They will probably be

Verb conjugation in Future Tense might be confusing for beginners. But if you learnt verb conjugation in Simple Present Tense correctly, you will have no problems with Future Tense. Look at the following verbs:

baruvae – I will probably come (Future Tense)

mAruvae – I sell/I will sell (Simple Present Tense)

These two verbs conjugated in similar way, but the former is in Future Tense and the latter is in Simple Present Tense. The root verbs are ‘bar’ and ‘mAr’. At first, let us conjugate them in Simple Present Tense.

‘bar’ is a Class A verb. So it’s conjugated in Simple Present Tense as:

bar + p + personal ending = barpae – I come

‘mAr’ is a Class B verb. So it’s conjugated in Simple Present Tense as:

mAr + uv + personal ending =  mAruvae – I sell

To make Future Tense verb conjugation from Simple Present Tense, if you find ‘uv’ sound preceding personal endings, then just remove it and if you find ‘p’ sound preceding personal endings, change it to ‘uv’.

mAruvae - Simple Present Tense

mArae – Future Tense (removed ‘uv’ sound)

barpae - Simple Present Tense

baruvae - Future Tense (changed ‘p’ to ‘uv’)

Some short sentences in Future Tense:

Tulu: Aye satya paNuve
English: He will probably tell the truth / He may tell the truth.
Kannada: avanu satya hELiyAnu/hELabahudu

Tulu: jAgratae! bUra
English: Be careful! You may fall down.
Kannada: jOke! biddIya

Tulu: akulu ellae pOver
English: They will probably go tomorrow.
Kannada: avaru nALe hodAru

Tulu: Al illaD uppal
English: She may be at home
Kannada: avaLu maneyalli irabahudu

Tulu: yAn ini bEga pOvae
English: I may go soon today
Kannada: nAnu ivattu bEga hOdEnu

Tulu: portAvu (portu + Avu)
English: It will probably be late
Kannada: hottAdItu

Tulu: ini barsa baru
English: It will probably rain today
Kannada: ivattu maLe bandItu

Tulu: Ayeg bEjAr Avu
English: He may feel bad.
Kannada: avanige bEjAr AdItu

Tulu: aleg kushi Avu
English: She may feel happy
Kannada: avaLige kushi AdItu

Tulu: enk banga Avu
English: It may be difficult for me
Kannada: nanage kashTa AdItu

Tulu: akleg kOpa baru
English: They may get angry
Kannada: avarige kOpa bandItu

Tulu: onjattonji (onji att onji) dina Aye pira baruve
English: One day he may come back
Kannada: ondallondu dina avanu hindirugi bandAnu

Tulu: nama ellae saiva
English: We may die tomorrow
Kannada: nAvu nALe sattEvu

Tulu: pEr’n puchchae paru
English: Cat may drink the milk.
Kannada: hAlannu bekku kuDidItu

Tulu: Aye ninan keruve
English: He may kill you
Kannada: avanu ninnannu kondAnu

Tulu: Aye niNDa kEne
English: He may ask with you
Kannada: avanu ninnalli kELiyAnu

Tulu: yAn onji gaNTedulai (gaNTeda + ulai) ettae
English:  I will probably reach within an hour. Kannada: nAnu ondu gaNTe oLage talupiyEnu

Tulu: nama genda
English: We will probably win
Kannada: nAvu geddEvu

Tulu: akulu sOper
English: They will probably loose.
Kannada: avaru sotAru

Tulu: dEver naman mApu malper
English: God may forgive us Kannada: dEvaru nammannu kshamisiyAru

New words:

jAgratae – Carefulness/Caution

portu – Time/Late

ini – Today

barsa – Rain

banga – Trouble/Difficulty

kOpa -Anger

onji att onji – one or one

pEr – milk

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If you have any questions, feel free to comment. See you next week!

Solmelu!