Friday 26 August 2016

Tulu Lesson 31: Postpositions

namaskAra! Welcome back!

In Tulu, we do not use prepositions, rather we use postpositions. Postpositions are used the same way as prepositions in English (Examples: for you, in front of the house, between us, according to me, before dinner, after death etc.), but they sit after the word that they modify. Generally postpositions are used to express relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence.

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1. Postpositions used with ablative or instrumental case (suffix ‘Dd’):

dumbu – Before
bokka – after, afterwards
inchi – onwards
Atra – Because of

Tulu: ninDd dumbu yAn baidae
English: I have come before you
Kannada: ninaginta modalu nAnu bandiddEne

Tulu: enaDd bokka I battini
Engslish: You came after me
Kannada: nanna nantara nInu bandaddu

Tulu: madyAnaDd bokka tikk’ga
English: Let us meet in the afternoon
Kannada: madhyAnada mEle sigONa

Tulu: elleDd bokka yAn barpujae
English: I will not come from tomorrow onwards
Kannada: nALeyinda nAnu baruvudilla

Tulu: aiDd bokka yAn Ayen tUtijae
English: After that, I have never seen him
Kannada: adara nantara nAnu avanannu nODilla

Tulu: kODeDdinchi barsa baronduNDu
English: It is raining from yesterday onwards.
Kannada: ninneyinda maLe bartA ide

Tulu: ekADdinchi nikk kAtondullae
English: I have been waiting for you from that time
Kannada: Agadinda ninage kAytA iddEne

Tulu: elleDdinchi yAn barpujae
English: I will not come from tomorrow onwards
Kannada: nALeyinda nAnu baruvudilla

Tulu: ninaDdAtra enk sukha ijji
English: Because of you I am not happy
Kannada: ninnindAgi  nanage nemmadi illa

Tulu: ayeDdAtra enk barrae Ayiji
English: Because of him, I could not come
Kannada: avanindAgi nanage baralikke Agalilla

These postpositions can also be used with verbals.

Gerunds + Dd + dumbu

barpineDd dumbu (barpini + Dd + dumbu) – Before coming
tUpineDd dumbu (tUpini + Dd + dumbu) – Before seeing
saipineDd dumbu (saipini + Dd + dumbu) – Before dying

Tulu: Aye barpineDd dumbu yAn pOpae
English: I will leave (go) before he comes
Kannada: avanu baruvudakinta modalu nAnu hOgtEne

Tulu: barsa barpineDd dumbu ill sEruve
English: Before it rains, I will be home
Kannada: maLe baruvudakinta modalu nAnu mane sErtEne

Tulu: Aye kENuneDd dumbu koru
English: Before he asks, give it to him
Kannada: avanu kELuvudakinta modalu koDu

Gerunds + Dd + bokka

                OR

Past Adjectival Participles + bokka

battineDd bokka (battini + Dd + bokka) – After came
batti bokka (batti + bokka) – After came / Once came
pOyineDd bokka – After went
pOyi bokka – After went / Once went

Tulu: Aye battineDd bokka yAn pOyini
English: After he came, I went
Kannada: avanu banda mEle nAnu hOdaddu

Tulu: ninan tUyi bokka enk samadAna AND
English: After I saw you, I am feeling better
Kannada: ninnannu nODida mEle, nanage nemmadi Aytu

Tulu: ill etti bokka phone malpu
English: Once you reach home, call me
Kannada: mane talapida mEle phone mADu

Gerunds + Dd + inchi

battineDdinchi (battini + Dd + inchi) – Since came / From the time when came

Tulu: akulu battineDdinchi telitonduller
English: They have been laughing since they came
Kannada: avaru bandAgininda nagtA iddAre

Tulu: Aye dubai’g pOyineDdinchi phone malt’dije
English: He has not called me since he went Dubai
Kannada: avanu dubai’ge hOdAgininda phone mADilla

Gerunds + Dd + Atra

battineDdAtra (battini + Dd + Atra) – Because came

Tulu: Ir paNDineDdAtra yAn pOyini
English: I went because you told me
Kannada: nIvu hELidarindAgi nAnu hOde

Tulu: I barpineDdAtra yAn barondullae
English: I am coming because you are coming
Kannada: nInu baruvudarindAgi nAnu bartA iddEne

2. Postpositions used with dative case (suffix ‘k/g’):

eduru – against
Ad – for
Atra – for the sake of
bODAd  - for the sake of

Tulu: yAn Epagla nikk eduru untayae
English: I will never stand against you
Kannada: nAnu yAvattigU ninage eduru nillenu

Tulu: nikkAd yAn battini
English: I came for you
Kannada: ninagAgi nAnu bandaddu

Tulu: kAs’gAtra jana dAla malper
English: People may do anything for the sake of money
Kannada: duDDigOskara jana EnU mADiyAru

Tulu: enkAtra manipandae kullu
English: Keep quiet for the sake of me
Kannada: nanagOskara summaniru

Tulu: dEshogu bODAd prANa tyAga malte
English: He sacrified his life for the country 
Kannada: dEshakke bEkAgi prANa tyAga mADida

Tulu: Ayeg bODAd yAn battae
Englsih: I came for him
Kannada: avanige bEkAgi nAnu bande

Following postpositions can also be used with verbals.

Infinitives + boDAd

               OR

Infinitives + g + Atra

pAterrae bODAd – for the sake of speaking
pAterregAtra (pAterrae + g + Atra ) – for the sake of speaking
pOyerae bODAd  - for the sake of going
pOyeregAtra – for the sake of going

Tulu: yAn niNDa paterrae bODAd battae
English: I came for the sake of speaking with you
Kannada: nAnu ninnondige mAtannADalikkOskara bande

Tulu: yAn ninan tUyeregAtra battae
English: I came for the sake of seeing you
Kannada: nAnu ninnannu nODalikkOskara bande

3. Postpositions used with genitive case (suffix 'na/ta/da'):

kaital – near
oTTugu – together, with
lekka / leka – Like, As
baggae/vishayoDu/vichAroDu – about / regarding / concerning
prakAra – As per
pagateg / badal’g - instead of
mukhAntra – through
eduru – in front of
sutta / suttala – around
suttamutta – around
ulai – in / inside
pidai – out / outside
piravu – behind
aDe/aDeg – towards / to the place of 
anchi/anchig – towards
mitt – on / above
tirt – below
aDiT - under
bariT – next to, beside
naDuTu – in the middle

Tulu: Ayena kaital pOvoDchi
English: Don’t go near him
Kannada: avana hattira hOgabEDa

Tulu: ennoTTugu bala
Englsih: Come with me
Kannada: nanna jote bA

Tulu: aklenoTTugu gobboDchi
English: Don’t play with them
Kannada: avaroTTige ADabEDa

Tulu: ninaleka yAn ijjae
English: I am not like you
Kannada: ninna hAge nAnu illa

Tulu: bangArdaleka raisuNDu
English: It’s shining like gold            
Kannada: chiNNadante hoLeyuttade

Tulu: namma dEshada vishayoDu Ar pAteriyer
English: He/She spoke regarding our country
Kannada: namma dEshada vishayadalli avaru mAtADidaru

Tulu: enna bagge nikk gottuji
English: You don’t know about me
Kannada: nanna bagge ninage gottilla

Tulu: enna prakAra undu sari att
English: As per me this is not correct
Kannada: nanna prakAra idu sari alla

Tulu: ammena pagateg mage batte
English: The son came instead of his father
Kannada: tandeya badalige maga banda

Tulu: TV bokka Radio’da mukhAntra janokleg suddi tikkuNDu
English: Through TV and Radio people will get news.
Kannada: TV mattu Radio’da mukhAntra janarige suddi siguttade

Tulu: yAn ninna illada eduru ullae
English: I am in front of your house
Kannada: nAnu ninna maneya eduru iddEne

Tulu: kaNDoda sutta bEli uNDu
English: There is a fence around the field.
Kannada: gaddeya suttalU bEli ide

Tulu: enna suttamutta Erla ijjer
English: No one is there around me
Kannada: nanna suttamutta yArU illa

Tulu: akulu illada ulai pOyer
English: They went inside the house
Kannada: avaru maneya oLage hOdaru

Tulu: akulu illada pidai kAtonduller
English: They are waiting outside the house
Kannada: avaru maneya horage kAytA iddAre

Tulu: ninna piravu tUla
English: look behind you
Kannada: ninna hinde nOdu

Tulu: sudetaDe pOvodchi
English: Don’t go to the riverside
Kannada: nadi kaDe hOgabEda

Tulu: tOTadanchi pOvondullae
English: I am going towards the garden
Kannada: tOTadAche hOgtA iddEne

Tulu: mEjida mitt pustaka uNDu
English: There is a book on the table
Kannada: mEjina mEle pustaka ide

Tulu: guDDeda tirt onji kedu uNDu
English: There is a pond below the mountain
Kannada: guDDada keLage ondu kere ide

Tulu: mEjida aDiT puchchae uNDu
English: There is a cat under the table
Kannada: mEjina aDiyalli bekku ide

Tulu: ramEshe, surEshena bariT kullonde
English: Ramesh has sat beside Suresh
Kannada: ramEsha, surEshana badiyalli kUtiddAne

Tulu: surEshe, ramEshe bokka jayantena naDuT kullonde
English: Suresh has sat between Ramesh and Jayanth.
Kannada: surEsha, ramEsha mattu jayantana madyadalli kUtiddAne

Following postpositions can also be used with verbals.

Adjectival Participle + leka

tUyi leka – Like saw
batti leka – Like came
barpi leka – Like coming
paNpi leka – Like saying

Tulu: yAn paNDi leka malpu
English: Do as I said
Kannada: nAnu hELida hAge mADu

Tulu: yAn malpu leka malpu
English: Do like I do
Kannada: nAnu mADuva hAge mADu

Tulu: ninan Ola tUyi leka uNDu
English: It seems like I saw you somewhere
Kannada: ninnannu ellO nODida hAge ide

Adjectival Participle + baggae/vishayoDu/vichAroDu

paNDina vishayoDu  – about said
kENDina bagge – about heard

Tulu: yAn paNDina vishayODu AlOchanae malpu
English: Think about what I said
Kannada: nAnu hELida vishayadalli yOchane mADu

Tulu: I tUyina baggae EreDala paNoDchi
English: Don’t tell anyone about what you saw
Kannada: nInu nODida bagge yArigU hELabEDa

Adjectival Participle + aDe / anchi

paNpinaDe (paNpina + aDe) – To the place of which someone/something is saying
paNDinaDe (paNDina + aDe) - To the place of which someone/something said   
pantinaDe (pantina + aDe) – To the place of which someone/something has said
battinanchi (battina + anchi) – Towards the place of which someone/something came

Tulu: yAn paNDinaDe pOla
English: Go to the place of which I said
Kannada: nAnu hELida kaDe hOgu

Tulu: Aye pOyinanchi pOvoDchi
English:  Don’t go towards the place where he went
Kannada: avanu hOda kaDe hOgabEDa
 
4. Postpositions used with basic form of nouns:

muTTa / muTa – up to, till
ormae / iDi – Throughout, all over
ijjandae / dAntae – Without

Tulu: Aye enna ill muTa batte
English: He came as far as my house
Kannada: avanu nanna maneya varege banda

Tulu: yAn bus stand muTa pOyae
English: I went up to the bust stand
Kannada: nAnu bus stand varege hOde

Tulu: patt gaNTae muTa kApuvae
Englsih: I will wait till 10 O’clock
Kannada: hattu gaNTe varege kAyuttEne

Tulu: Ar tulunADormae pudar paDeyinAr
English: He/She is popular all over Tulu NaDu
Kannada: avaru tulunADinAdyanta hesaru paDedavaru

Tulu: I suddi Urormae paraD’ND
English: This news spread throughout the village
Kannada: I suddi UrellA haraDitu

Tulu: I dAntae (ijjandae) yAn bad’kayae
Englsih: Without you I can’t live
Kannada: nInu illade nAnu badukenu

Tulu: enna sAya dAntae nikk genderae sAdya ijji
English: Without my help you cannot win
Kannada: nanna sahAya illade ninage gellalu sAdyavilla

Following postpositions can also be used with verbals.

Adjectival Participle + muTa

barpina + muTa = barpina muTa > barpineTa – till coming
battina muTa > battineTa - till came
tiNpina muTa > tinpineTa - till eating

Tulu: I leppuneTa yAn barpujae 

English: I will not come till you call me

Kannada: nInu kareyuvavarege nAnu baruvudilla


Tulu: nama saipina muTa oTTugu uppuga 

English: Let us be together until we die

Kannada: nAvu sAyuvavarege oTTige irONa


In Tulu we have another form to express the point of time at which the action terminates. The suffix ‘enge’ is added to participles.


Adjectival Participle + enge

malpuna + enge = malpunenge -  till doing
maltina + enge = maltinenge - till did
baripna + enge = barpinenge – till coming
battina + enge = battinenge OR bannenge – till came

Tulu: akulu bannenge kApula
English: Wait until they come
Kannada: avaru baruva varege kAyu

Tulu: yAn unden malpunenge untula
English: Wait until I make this.
Kannada: nAnu idannu mADuva varege nillu

Tulu: yAn paNpinenge ODela pOvoDchi
English: Don’t go anywhere until I tell you
Kannada: nAnu hELuva varege ellU hOgabEDa



5. Postpositions used with all the cases:

attandae – Beside, apart from , without

Tulu: ninan attandae bEtae Eren leppoDu?
Englsh: Whom else should I call apart from you?
Kannada: ninnannu allade bEre yArannu kareyali?

Tulu: I attandae bEtae Er uller enk?
English: Apart from you who else is there for me?
Kannada: nInu allade bEre yAriddAre nanage?

Tulu: ninaDd attandae bEtae Eregla unden malperae sAdya ijji
English: Besides you no one can do this
Kannada: nInu allade bErae yArigU idannu mADalu sAdya illa

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If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

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Friday 19 August 2016

Tulu Lesson 30: Past Continuous Tense

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today we are going to learn another tense, i.e. Past Continuous tense. Please review Present Continuous tense before we proceed.

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Look at the following sentence:

I was going

As you see, this structure is similar to what we have in present continuous tense “I am going” (Simple past of auxiliary verb ‘be’ + main verb + ing)

So, let’s take a very quick review of present continuous tense in Tulu first.

Root verb + ondu (Present Adverbial Participle) + Simple Present tense of ‘ul’ (To be) 

pOvondu + ullae = pOvondullae – I am going

Now, delete the ‘ullae’ and add simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ (To be) instead.

Here are the verb conjugations of the verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittae – I was
I itta – You were
Aye/imbe itte – He was
Al/mOlu ittal – She was
au/undu itt’ND – It was
nama/enkulu itta – We were
Ir/nikulu ittar – You were
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itter – They were
undekulu/aikulu itta – They were

Present Adverbial Participle + simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

pOvondu + ittae = pOvondittae  – I was going (Kannada: nAnu hOgtA idde)

yAn pOvondittae – I was going
I pOvonditta – You were going
Aye/imbe pOvonditte – He was going
Al/mOlu pOvondittal – She was going
au/undu pOvonditt’ND – It was going
nama/enkulu pOvonditta – We were going
Ir/nikulu pOvondittar – You were going
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvonditter – They were going
undekulu/aikulu pOvonditta – They were going

Examples:

Tulu: yAn uNondittae
English: I was eating lunch/dinner
Kannada: nAnu UTa mADtA idde

Tulu: I gobbonditta
English: You were playing
Kannada: nInu ADtA idde

Tulu: Ir dAda maltondittar?
English: What were you doing?
Kannada: nIvu Enu mADtA iddiri?

Tulu: Aye ODe pOvonditte?
English: Where was he going to?
Kannada: avanu ellige hOgtA idda?

Tulu: Ar nikk kAtonditter
English: He/She was waiting for you
Kannada: avaru ninage kAytA iddaru

Tulu: Al pada paNondittal
English: She was singing
Kannada: avaLu hADtA iddaLu

Tulu: jOkulu Odonditta
English: Children were reading
Kannada: makkaLu OduttA iddaru

Tulu: pakkilu bAnoDu rAvonditta
English: Birds were flying in the sky
Kannada: hakkigaLu AkAshadalli hArtA iddavu

Tulu: akulu tulu kaltonditter
English: They were learning Tulu
Kannada: avaru tuLu kaliyuttA iddaru

Tulu: A UruDu mAterla kushiT oTTugu bad’konditter
English: In that village, everyone was living together happily
Kannada: A Uralli ellAru santhOshadinda oTTige vAsa mADtA iddaru

Tulu: paDDaiD sUrye kantonditte
English: Sun was setting down in the west
Kannada: pashchimadalli sUrya muLugutidda

Tulu: jOru barsa baronditt’ND
English: It was raining heavily
Kannada: jOrAgi maLe bartA ittu

Tulu: amma ninan nADonditter
English: Mother was searching for you
Kannada: amma ninnannu huDukuttA iddaru

Negative forms:

Negative forms in past continuous tense can be formed by using the negative form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittijae – I was not
I ittija – You were not
Aye/imbe ittije – He was not
Al/mOlu ittijal – She was not
au/undu ittiji – It was not
nama/enkulu ittija – We were not
Ir/nikulu ittijar – You were not
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr ittijer – They were not
undekulu/aikulu ittija – They were not

Present Adverbial Participle + negative form of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense

pOvondu + ittijae = pOvondittijae – I was not going (Kannada: nAnu hOgtA iralilla)

yAn pOvondittijae – I was not going
I pOvondittija – You were not going
Aye/imbe pOvondittije – He was not going
Al/mOlu pOvondittijal – She was not going
au/undu pOvondittiji – It was not going
nama/enkulu pOvondittija – We were not going
Ir/nikulu pOvondittijar – You were not going
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOvondittijer – They were not going
undekulu/aikulu pOvondittija – They were not going

Examples:

Tulu: akulu eNDa pAterondittijer
English: They were not speaking with me
Kannada: avaru nannalli mAtADtA iralilla

Tulu: Ar tuluTu katae bareyondittijer
English: He/She was not writing stories in Tulu
Kannada: avaru tuLuvalli kathe bareyuttA iralilla

Tulu: barsa barondittiji
English: It was not raining
Kannada: maLe bartA iralilla

Tulu:  Aye ODegla pOvondittije
English: He was not going to anywhere
Kannada: avanu elligU hOgtA iralilla

Tulu: dumbu yAn chA parondittijae
English: I was not drinking tea before
Kannada: modalu nAnu chaha kuDitA iralilla


Interrogative forms:

Tulu: I enk kAtondittana?
English: Were you waiting for me?
Kannada: nInu nanage kAytA iddeya?

Tulu: Al Odondittala?
English: Was she reading?
Kannada: avaLu OdtA iddaLa?

Tulu: Aye gobbondittijena?
English: Wasn’t he playing?
Kannada: avanu ADtA iralilva?

Tulu: akulu barondittijera?
English: Weren’t they coming?
Kannada: avaru bartA iralilva?

 Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

Click here for Video lessons

If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!


solmelu!

Friday 12 August 2016

Tulu Lesson 29: Past Perfect Tense

namaskAra! Welcome back!

I hope all of you are doing well with the lessons and have made good progress. Today, we are going to learn past perfect tense. Do you remember present perfect tense? If not please click here

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Look at the following sentence:

I had made

As you see, this structure is similar to what we have in present perfect tense “I have made” (auxiliary verb ‘have’ + past participle)

So, let’s take a very quick review of present perfect tense in Tulu first.

Past Adverbial Participle + Personal ending 

malt’d + ae = malt’dae – I have made

Now, delete the suffix ‘ae’ and add simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ (To be) instead.

Here are the verb conjugations of the verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittae – I was
I itta – You were
Aye/imbe itte – He was
Al/mOlu ittal – She was
au/undu itt’ND – It was
nama/enkulu itta – We were
Ir/nikulu ittar – You were
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr itter – They were
undekulu/aikulu itta – They were

Past Adverbial Participle + simple past tense of ‘uppuni/ippuni’

malt’d + ittae = malt’dittae (also pronounced ‘maltittae’)  – I had made (Kannada: nAnu mADidde)

Is it clear?

yAn malt’dittae – I had made
I malt’ditta – You had made
Aye/imbe malt’ditte – He had made
Al/mOlu malt’dittal – She had made
au/undu malt’ditt’ND – It had made
nama/enkulu malt’ditta – We had made
Ir/nikulu malt’dittar – You had made
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malt’ditter – They had made
undekulu/aikulu malt’ditta – They had made

tU (tUpini) – To see

tUd + ittae = tUdittae – I had seen (Kannada: nODidde)

yAn tUdittae – I had seen
I tUditta – You had seen
Aye/imbe tUditte – He had seen
Al/mOlu tUdittal – She had seen
au/undu tUditt’ND – It had seen
nama/enkulu tUditta – We had seen
Ir/nikulu tUdittar – You had seen
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr tUditter – They had seen
undekulu/aikulu tUditta – They had seen

bar (barpini) – To come

batt’d + ittae = batt’dittae (also pronounced ‘battittae’) – I had come (Kannada: bandidde)

yAn batt'dittae – I had come
I batt'ditta – You had come
Aye/imbe batt'ditte – He had come
Al/mOlu batt'dittal – She had come
au/undu batt'ditt’ND – It had come
nama/enkulu batt'ditta – We had come
Ir/nikulu batt'dittar – You had come
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr batt'ditter – They had come
undekulu/aikulu batt'ditta – They had come

kEN (kENuni) To hear/listen/ask

kEnd + ittae = kEndittae – I had asked (Kannada: kELidde)

yAn kEndittae – I had asked
I kEnditta – You had asked
Aye/imbe kEnditte – He had asked
Al/mOlu kEndittal – She had asked
au/undu kEnditt’ND – It had asked
nama/enkulu kEnditta – We had asked
Ir/nikulu kEndittar – You had asked
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kEnditter – They had asked
undekulu/aikulu kEnditta – They had asked

kApu (kApuni) – To wait

kAt’d + ittae = kAt’dittae (also pronounced ‘kAtittae’) – I had waited

yAn kAt'dittae – I had waited
I kAt'ditta – You had waited
Aye/imbe kAt'ditte – He had waited
Al/mOlu kAt'dittal – She had waited
au/undu kAt'ditt’ND – It had waited
nama/enkulu kAt'ditta – We had waited
Ir/nikulu kAt'dittar – You had waited
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr kAt'ditter – They had waited
undekulu/aikulu kAt'ditta – They had waited

Examples:

Tulu: yAn kODae kuDlag pOdittae
English: I had been to Mangalore yesterday
Kannada: nAnu ninne mangaLUrige hOgidde

Tulu: yAn niNDa pandittae
English: I had told you
Kannada: nAnu ninage hELidde

Tulu: Ar ninan lett’ditter
English: He/She had called you
Kannada: avaru ninnannu karediddaru

Tulu: akulu pira batt’ditter
English: They had come back
Kannada: avaru hinde bandiddaru

Tulu: ninna aNNe enan tUditter
English: Your elder brother had seen me
Kannada: ninna aNNa nannannu nODiddaru

Tulu: mast jana sErditter
English: Lots of people had gathered
Kannada: tumbA jana sEriddaru

Tulu: enna dOsti mast kAs karchi malt’ditte
English: My friend had spent a lot of money
Kannada: nanna snEhita tumbA duDDu kharchu mADidda

Tulu: Ayena pars dakk’d pOditt’ND
English: He had lost his wallet
Kannada: avana parsu kaLedu hOgittu

Tulu: I enan marat’ditta
English: You had forgotten me
Kannada: nInu nannannu maretidde
  
Negative forms:

Negative forms in past perfect tense can be formed by using the negative form of the auxiliary verb ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense.

yAn ittijae – I was not
I ittija – You were not
Aye/imbe ittije – He was not
Al/mOlu ittijal – She was not
au/undu ittiji – It was not
nama/enkulu ittija – We were not
Ir/nikulu ittijar – You were not
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr ittijer – They were not
undekulu/aikulu ittija – They were not
  
Past Adverbial Participle + negative form of ‘uppuni/ippuni’ in simple past tense

malt’d + ittijae = malt’dittijae (also pronounced ‘maltittijae’)  – I had not made (Kannada: nAnu mADiralilla)

yAn malt'dittijae – I had not made
I malt'dittija – You had not made
Aye/imbe malt'dittije – He had not made
Al/mOlu malt'dittijal – She had not made
au/undu malt'dittiji – It had not made
nama/enkulu malt'dittija – We had not made
Ir/nikulu malt'dittijar – You had not made
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr malt'dittijer – They had not made
undekulu/aikulu malt'dittija – They had not made

pO (pOpini) – To go

pOd + ittijae = pOdittijae – I had not gone

yAn pOdittijae – I had not gone
I pOdittija – You had not gone
Aye/imbe pOdittije – He had not gone
Al/mOlu pOdittijal – She had not gone
au/undu pOdittiji – It had not gone
nama/enkulu pOdittija – We had not gone
Ir/nikulu pOdittijar – You had not gone
akulu/mokulu/Ar/mEr pOdittijer – They had not gone
undekulu/aikulu pOdittija – They had not gone

Examples:

Tulu: I eNDa pandittija
English: You had not told me
Kannada: nInu nanage hELiralilla

Tulu: yAn aDe pOdittijae
English: I had not gone there
Kannada: nAnu allige hOgiralilla

Tulu: kelavu dOstilu battittijer
English: Some friend had not come
Kannada: kelavu snEhitaru bandiralilla

Tulu: Aye ninan tUdittije
English: He had not seen you
Kannada: avanu ninnannu nODiralilla

Tulu: Ayeg kODae ushAr ittiji, anchAd shAleg pOdittije
English: He was not feeling well yesterday, so he had not gone to school
Kannada: avanige ninne hushAr iralilla, hAgAgi shAlege hOgiralilla

Tulu: akulu enan pArTig lett’dittijer, anchAd yAn pOdittijae 
English: They had not invited me to the party, so I had not gone
Kannada: avaru nannannu pArTige karediralilla, hAgAgi nAnu hOgiralilla

Interrogative forms:

As you know, we have to add ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end to make interrogative form of sentences in Tulu. When speaking with elders/strangers with respect, you can add ‘e’ or ‘ne’ instead of ‘a’ or ‘na’ at the end.

Tulu: yAn niNDa suruve pandittijena?
English: Hadn’t I told you before?
Kannada: nAnu ninage modale hELiralilva?’

Tulu: Aye nikk tikk'dittena?
English: Had he met you?
Kannada: avanu ninage sikkiddana?

Tulu: pOyina varsa battittijare?
English: Hadn’t you come last year?
Kannada: hOda varsha bandiralillava?

Tulu: murani barsa battitt’NDa?
English: Had it rained day before yesterday?
Kannada: monne maLe banditta?

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If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!


solmelu!

Friday 5 August 2016

Tulu Lesson 28: Adverbs – Part 3

namaskAra! Welcome back!

Today, we are going to learn adverbs of manner and purpose. An adverb of manner tells us how something is done or happens. Adverbs of purpose describe why something happens.

Adverbs of Manner:

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Interrogatives:
Tulu
Kannada
English
encha
hEge
How

Demonstrative:
Tulu
Kannada
English
incha
hIge
Thus, Like this
ancha
hAge
Thus, like that

Miscellaneous:

Tulu

Kannada

English

enchala

hEgU

Anyhow

enchANDala

hEgAdarU

Anyhow /Somehow

enchana

hEgO

Somehow

inchene

hIgeyE

Simply/like this only

anchene

hAgeyE

Like that only

jOruDu / jOrAd

jOrAgi

loudly

bEga

bEga

Soon/Early

bIsa

vEga/shIghra

Fast / Speed

mella

mella / mettage

Softly

melAne

nidhAnavAgi

Slowly

rappa / rapakka / pakka

pakkane / kUDale /takshaNa

Quickly / Immediately

orAne

ommele

At once, suddenly

sariT

sariyAgi

Correctly / Properly

sulabaD

sulabhavAgi

Easily

jAgrateD

jAgrateyinda

Carefully

shOkuDu / porluDu

sundaravAgi / chennAgi

Beautifully/Nicely

eDDae / eDDeD

chennAgi / oLLe

Well/in good way

ushAr

hushAru, chennAgi

Fine, Clever

nijavAd

nijavAgi

Truly / Actually

oTTugu

oTTige

Together

bhayankaravAd

bhayankaravAgi

Terribly

kOpoDu

kOpadinda

Angrily

samadAnoDu / samadAnavAd

tALmeyinda

Patiently

pokkaDae

summane

Simply, In vain

guTTuDu / guTTAd

guTTAgi

Secretly

kushiT

kushiyAgi

Gladly / Happily

sukhoTu

sukhavAgi

Happily

bangoDu

kashTadalli

With Difficulty

gati dAntae

gati illade

Helplessly

nilae dAntae

nele illade

Homelessly

jAgratae dAntae

jAgrate illade

Carelessly

 Most of the adverbs of manner are used in locative case or formed by affixing ‘Ad’ (Past Adverbial Participle of ‘Apini’ – to become). Examples: sulabhaD, jAgrateD / jAgrataeyAd, shOkuDu / porluDu, eDDeD, nijavAd etc.


Negative adverbs are formed by affixing negative Adverbial Participle ‘dAntae’. Examples: gati dAntae, nilae dAntae, jAgratae dAntae

Adverbs of Purpose:

Tulu

Kannada

English

dAyae

Eke

Why

dAnae

Enu/Eke

Why/What/What for

inchAd

hIgAgi

Because of this, So

anchAd

hAgAgi

Because of that, So

aik, aikAd, aikAtra

adakke, adakkAgi, adakkOskara

Therefore, for that reason

aiDdAtra / aiDdAvara

Addarinda

Therefore, Because of it



Example Sentences:

Tulu: encha ullar?
English: How are you?
Kannada: hEge iddIri?

Tulu: Ir encha battar?
English: How did you come?
Kannada: nIvu hEge bandiri?

Tulu: Aye parIksheg Od’dije, ancha fail Aye
English: He didn’t study for the exam, thus he failed.
Kannada: avanu parIkshege Odilla, hAge fail Ada

Tulu: incha Aye mAteregla mOsa malte
English: Thus he deceived all
Kannada: hIge avanu ellarigU mOsa mADida

Tulu: ancha malpoDchi
English: Don’t do like that
Kannada: hAge mADabEDa

Tulu: enchala nama ill muTTiya
English: Anyhow, we reached home
Kannada: hEgU nAvu manege talapidevu

Tulu: enchANDala aren oppAv
English: Somehow make him/her agree
Kannada: hEgAdarU avarannu oppisu

Tulu: anchene AvoDu!
English: It should be like that only!
Kannada: hAgeyE AgabEku!

Tulu: nama melAne pOyi
English: Let us go slowly
Kannada: nAvu nidhAnavAgi hOgONa

Tulu: bIsa balipu
English: Run fast
Kannada: bEga ODu

Tulu: yAn bEga barpae
English: I will come soon
Kannada: nAnu bEga bartEne

Tulu: ontae jOruDu pAterle
English: Speak a bit louder
Kannada: svalpa jOrAgi mAtADi

Tulu: ontae mella pAterle
English: Speak a bit softer
Kannada: svalpa mettage mAtADi

Tulu: pakka pOdu onji lOTae nIr kanala
English: Go and bring a glass of water quickly (immediately)
Kannada: kUDale hOgi ondu lOTa nIru tA

Tulu: I bElae rappa AvoDu
English: This work should be done quickly/immediately 
Kannada: I kelasa kUDale AgabEku

Tulu:  yAn rapakka pOdu battae
English: I went and came immediately 
Kannada: nAnu kUDale hOgi bande

Tulu: orAne barsa batt’ND
English: Suddenly it rained
Kannada: ommele maLe bantu

Tulu: Aye sariT eNDa pAteruje
English: He does not speak with me properly
Kannada: avanu nannondige sariyAgi mAtADalla

Tulu: sulaboDu ninan gendere buDayae
English: I will never let you win easily
Kannada: sulbhavAgi ninnannu gellalu biDenu

Tulu: Al mast shOkuDu pada paNpal
English: She sings very nicely
Kannada: avaLu tumbA chennAgi hADtALe

Tulu: nijavAd yAn dAla maltijae
English: Actually I didn’t do anything
Kannada: nijavAgi nAnu EnU mADilla

Tulu: nama oTTugu pOyi
English: Let us go together
Kannada: nAvu oTTige hOgONa

Tulu: yAn paNpinen samadAnoDu kENla
English: Listen to me patiently
Kannada: nAnu hELuvudannu tALmeyinda kELu

Tulu: Ar dAyae battini?
English: Why did he/she come?
Kannada: avaru Eke bandaddu?

Tulu: Ar ninan tUyerae battini
English: He/She came to visit you
Kannada: avaru ninnanu nODalikke bandadu

Tulu: Ir kODae gobberae dAyae battijar?
English: Why didn’t you come to play yesterday?
Kannada: nIvu ninne ADlikke Eke baralilla?

Tulu: yAn busy ittae, anchAd barrae Ayiji
English: I was busy, therefore I could not come
Kannada: nAnu busy idde, hAgAgi barlike Agalilla

Tulu: enk kODae ushAr ittiji, aiDdAvara yAn ODela pOtijae
English: I was not feeling well yesterday, therefore I have not gone anywhere
Kannada: nanage ninne hushAriralilla, Addarinda nAnu elligU hOgilla

Tulu: Aye mast bangoDu itte, aikAtra yAn Ayeg sAya maltae, bEtae oyikkla att
English: He was in trouble, therefore I helped him, not for any other reason. 
Kannada: avanu tumbA kashtadalli idda, adakkOskara nAnu avanige sahAya mADide, bEre yAvudakkU alla

Tulu: dAnae battini?
English: Why did you come?
Kannada: Enu bandadu?

The word ‘dAnae’ can give different meaning when used in different situations. In the above example it gives the meaning of ‘why’ or ‘for what purpose’. It can also be used to express greetings when people meet one another.

Tulu: dAnae! encha ullar?
English: Hello, How are you?
Kannada: Enu! hEgiddIra?

Tulu: boka dAnae vishEsha?
English: Then what’s special?
Kannada: matte Enu vishEsha?

Tulu: nikk dAnae! I manipandae kullu!
English: What for you! (why do you care!) You sit quietly!
Kannada: ninage Enu! nInu summane kuLitukoLLu

Tulu: enk dAnae! nikulu dAda bODaNDala malpule!
English: What for me! (I don't care) You people do whatever you want!
Kannada: nanage Enu! nIvu Enu bEkAdarU maDi!

Tulu: akulu pOvaD! Ereg dAnae!
English: Let them go! Who cares!
Kannada: avaru hOgali! yArige Enu!

Click here to go to Vocabulary page.

Click here for Video lessons

If you need more sentences translated in Tulu, please leave a comment. If you find this lesson helpful, please share it with your friends who wish to learn Tulu J

See you next week!

solmelu!